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Published byCharity Lindsey Modified over 9 years ago
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PROKARYOTE Bacteria
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Two Types Eubacteria Live in many places Cell wall protects and gives shape Peptidoglycan Archaebateria No peptidoglycan DNA differs from eubacteria May come from eukaryotes Live in extreme environments
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Prokaryotes Shapes Bacilli – Rod shape Cocci : spherical Spirilla: Spiral or corkscrew
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Prefixes-naming a. diplo- 2 b. staphylo-cluster c. strepto-twisted chain
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Movement Some do not move Flagella : whip-like structure Spiral forward Move on slimy material they make
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Energy Use: Metabolism Heterotrophs get energy from eating other organisms Chemoheterotrophs: energy and carbon Animals, humans Photoheterotrophs: use light and organic compounds for carbon Autotrophs: self feeder Chemoautotroph: make carbon from CO2 and don’t need light Photoautotroph: make carbon and need light (photosynthesis)
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Energy in Bacteria Released by: Cellular Respiration (aerobic) Fermentation (anaerobic) Some bacteria can switch between O 2 and no O 2
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Reproduction VERY FAST Food and waste products limit this rate 1. Make a copy, binary fission, divides in half, asexual 2. Exchange genetic information, conjugation 1. Causes diversity and bacteria can change 3. Make endospore, stay dormant and wait for right conditions: spore formation
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Bacteria Cause Disease By: Invading host Reproducing Produce toxins which disrupt normal function
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Benefits Decomposers Symbiotic Bacteria ex. bacteria in mouth mutualism ex. intestines vinegar, cheese, yogurt Antibiotics 90%bacteria and fungi (ex. Penicillum) are natural Some are synthetic May become resistant over time mutations, genetic changes
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Summarize Bacteria Notes Page 472 Figure 19-2 Draw and label in color
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