1. Outbursts and State Transitions in Black Hole Candidates observed by MAXI Hitoshi Negoro (Nihon U.) & MAXI Team

2. Outline Black Hole Transients/Transient Events observed with MAXI Discovery of a new black-hole candidate MAXI J1659-152 Comparison with.. –XTE J1752-223 –Soft state transitions in Cyg X-1 and GX 339-4 Some comments on other BHCs What triggers the state transition ? Summary

3. Black Hole Candidates XTE J1752-223 (#2259, 2378*, 2396) GX 339-4 (#2380) H1743-322 (#2364, 2378, 2774) 4U 1630-47 (#2363) Cyg X-1 (#2711) GRS 1915+105 Swift J1753.5-0127 (#2341) LMC X-1, X-3 ATel # in Red : Possible State Transition MAXI J1659-152 (#2873)

4. Swift/BAT triggered (Mangano+ GCN 11296) as GRB 20100928A Discovery of MAXI J1659-152 MAXI/GSC triggered (Negoro+ ATel 2783) Nova Alert System: Ozawa+ Suwa+ (MAXI 2 - 20 keV)

5. 2 - 20 keV State Transitions in MAXI J1659-152 see RXTE results by Yamaoka+

6. Color-Intensity Diagram MAXI J1659-152 Soft State Hard State “Stable” Intermediate (very high?) State 2-20 keV Flux

7. Color-Intensity Diagram Comparison with XTE J1752-223 “stable” 2nd hard state ? Nakahira+ 2010, also see Poster Soft State

8. Cyg X-1 and GX 339-4 both in the soft state ? Cyg X-1 GX 339-4

9. Soft State Transition in GX 339-4 Yamaoka+ ATel 2380 see Shidatsu+

10. Color-Intensity Diagram GX 339-4 Finder+ 04

11. Soft? State Transition in Cygnus X-1 Negoro+ ATel 2711

12. Color-Intensity Diagram Cygnus X-1

13. Color-Intensity Diagram GX 339-4 (color) and Cyg X-1 (black) Also see Tomida+ SSC result

14. Short-term Variability Cyg X-1 GX 339-4

15. Outbursts in H 1743-322 Yamaoka+ ATel 2364, 2378 Nakahira+ ATel 2774

16. Outburst in 4U 1630-472 Tomida+ ATel 2363 no BG subtraction

17. Swift J1753.5-0127 SSC 1 yr Image (Kimura+) Negoro+ ATel 2341

18. Nature of the Soft Excess Component in Swift J1753.5-0127 Miller+ 2006 Hiemstra+ 2008Durant+ 2008 Short-term ? ~ days ?

19. XTE J1752-223 MAXI J1659-152 GX 339-4 Cyg X-1 Dark and Fast Transition Soft-State Source or Intermediate-State Source ? cf. Gierlinski & Newton 2006 Bright and Slow Transition

20. What makes a big wall of the ratio 0.5 (jet line) ?

21. Discussion Yu+ 2007 Yu et al. found a positive correlation between the peak luminosities of the hard state and those of the soft state.

22. Discussion Color Intensity The soft state transition is not directly associated with an absolute m-dot value (?). This suggests magnetic force plays some important role. The disk is still supported magnetically ? magnetically ? Oda+ (2009) explained two types of soft-state transitions by a magnetically supported disk model.

23. Summary MAXI observed X-ray outbursts from H1743-322, 4U 1630-472, GX 339-4, XTE J1752-223, and MAXI J1659- 152. MAXI also observed many state transitions including transitions in Swift J1753.5-0127 and Cyg X-1. Color-Intensity diagrams of these sources show two types of transitions to the soft (and intermediate) state. –Cyg X-1 and MAXI J1659-152 are stable in the intermediate (very high) state. –GX 339-4 and XTE J1752-223 are stable in the soft state. The magnetically supported disk model is favorable to the observed features of the intermediate state. The following futures are, however, still open questions. –luminosity dependence –Regularity –Environment(?) dependence (difference in initial magnetic force)

24. End

25. MAXI J1659-223 Stable “Intermediate” State Short-term “Soft” State

26. Neutron Star Studies NGC 6440 (#2360) ATel # in Red : Possible State Transition A0535+26 (#2277) 4U 1608-52 (#2462) Cir X-1 (#2608, 2674) 4U 2206+54 (#2271) 4U 1711 (#2425) V 0332+53 (#2369, 2427) LMC X-4 GX 304-1 (#2297) 4U 1323+619 (#2399) Cyg X-3 (#2404, 2635) LS V +44 17 (#2527) 4U 1954+319 (#2702) XTE J1709-267 (#2425) ATel # in Yellow : Burst or Flare

27. Black Hole Studies XTE J1752-223 (#2259, 2378*, 2396) GX 339-4 (#2380) H1743-322 (#2364, 2378) 4U 1630-47 (#2363) Cyg X-1 (#2711) GRS 1915+105 Swift J1753.5-0127 (#2341) LMC X-1, X-3 ATel # in Red : Possible State Transition PCA ATCA PCA MAXI Swift+MAXI PCA MAXI

28. Discovery of MAXI J1659-152 triggered 08:05 triggered 10:08