1. STEM W ORKFORCE N EEDS FOR U.S. DOD AND D EFENSE I NDUSTRY B ASE We need Political Will Charles M. Vest President, U.S. National Academy of Engineering NAE/NRC Workshop ARLINGTON, VA August 1, 2011 The Larger Context

2. How do we compare with the Rest of the World? Source: NSF Science and Engineering Indicators 2010

3. How do we compare with the Rest of the World? Source: NSF Science and Engineering Indicators 2010 A BIG PROBLEM

4. In Out % of entering freshmen who intend to major in NATURAL SCIENCES (2007) % of Bachelors graduates with NATURAL SCIENCE Degrees (2007) U.S. Universities: Undergraduate Education, NATURAL SCIENCES source: NSF S&E Indicators 2010 and US Dept. of Education Digest of Educational Statistics 2008

5. % of entering freshmen who intend to major in ENGINEERING (2007) % of Bachelors graduates with ENGINEERING Degrees (2007) In Out U.S. Universities: Undergraduate Education, ENGINEERING

6. Our Minority Population is Growing Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2011

7. But the Minority Share of Engineering Degrees is Nearly Constant Source: NSF Science and Engineering Indicators, 2010

8. This is a Workforce Train Wreck. Source: NSF Science and Engineering Indicators, 2010; U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 % of Population Aged 18-23 Share of Engineering BS Degrees % of Pop. Aged 18-23

9. 1.Review Current and projected STEM workforce demands. 2.Assess roadblocks. 3.Review options for busting through these roadblocks. 4.Identify high-impact S&T fields for national security needs. 5.Analyze U.S. higher ed. capacity to meet scope and scale of STEM needs.

10. 1.Review Current and projected STEM workforce demands. 2.Assess roadblocks. 3.Review options for busting through these roadblocks. 4.Identify high-impact S&T fields for national security needs. 5.Analyze U.S. higher ed. capacity to meet scope and scale of STEM needs.

12. THE ELEPHANTS IN THE ROOM

13. THE ELEPHANTS IN THE ROOM CITIZENSHIP REQUIREMENTS GLOBAL FLOWS EXPORT CONTROL THE ELEPHANTS IN THE ROOM

14. CITIZENSHIP REQUIREMENTS

15. Source: NSF Science and Engineering Indicators 2010

16. GLOBAL FLOWS

17. Brain Drain Then

18. Brain Drain Brain Circulation Then Now

19. Then Brain Drain Brain Integration Brain Circulation Next Now

20. EXPORT CONTROL and DEEMED EXPORTS EXPORT CONTROL

21. Generating new knowledge and technology is far more important than … EXPORT CONTROL and DEEMED EXPORTS

22. Generating new knowledge and technology is far more important than … Obsessing over leaks EXPORT CONTROL and DEEMED EXPORTS

23. Generating new knowledge and technology is far more important than … Obsessing over leaks

24. 1.Review Current and projected STEM workforce demands. 2.Assess roadblocks. 3.Review options for busting through these roadblocks. 4.Identify high-impact S&T fields for national security needs. 5.Analyze U.S. higher ed. capacity to meet scope and scale of STEM needs.

25. Thank you for your service.