1. Government and Politics Canada The politics of Canada function within a framework of constitutional monarchy and a federal system of parliamentary government with strong democratic traditions. Unit 16

2. Constitution of Canada Canada is a constitutional monarchy. The Constitution of Canada is the supreme law in Canada; the country's constitution is an amalgam of codified acts and uncodified traditions and conventions. It outlines Canada's system of government, as well as the civil rights of all Canadian citizens. amalgam: [ ə'mælgəm ] n. 混合物

3. Official Head of State Canada is a monarchy. The official head of state is the Queen. Governor General represents the Queen. When heads of state visit Canada, they will first be greeted by the Governor-General, before being welcomed by the Prime Minister. Michaëlle Jean—the first black Canadian Governor General Stephen Harper

4. Key Topics Historical background Structures of government The Federal Political Scene Canadian Prime Ministers

5. Historical Background Two Major Foreign Influences Legacy as a former colony of Britain Powerful influence from the USA

6. Founding Principles Peace, Order, and Good Government Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness

7. Tolerance of different values and customs Balance between Community and Individual Rights

8. Structures of Government Westminster Style Democracy The Queen & the Governor General Federal Government The Parliament

9. Federal Government Canada is a federation. The government may refer to the federal, provincial or municipal government. Canada was the first political community to combine federalism with a British system of government, a model which was later applied to other areas in the British Commonwealth.

10. Flexile Federal System (federal, provincial and shared jurisdictions) Examples of distribution of powers FederalProvincialShared - Foreign affairs- Education- Taxation - National defence- Health - Commerce - Air transportation- Social services- Justice - Immigration- Job training- Environment Each order of government is free to enact language legislation in its areas of responsibility.

11. The Parliament The Federal Government or Parliament of Canada is made up of three elements: the Sovereign represented by the Governor General an appointed Upper House called the Senate an elected Lower House called the House of Commons The consent of all three elements is needed for the passage of legislation.

13. Political Parities Conservative Party Green Party Liberal Party New Democratic Party

14. CanadaUK Westminster Style Democracy Parliamentary democracy constitutional monarchy The Head of State The Queen Governor- General The Queen GovernmentFederation Federal Government Provincial Government Parliament House of commons The senate House of Lords House of Commons Main Parties The Liberal Party The Progressive Conservatives The Bloc Quebecois The Reform Party The Conservative Party The Labor Party The Liberal Democrats NZ IrelandUSAustralia Representative democracy Parliamentary democracy liberal democratic Prime minister, deputy prime minister Governor- General The Dail and the senate the House of Representa tives & the Senate ALP Coalition

15. Nationalism and Quebec Quebec is a province in the central part of Canada. It is the only Canadian province with a predominantly French-speaking population, and the only one whose sole official language is French. Quebec Question is one of the problems that Canada has been faced with long since. Quebec Question is the Quebec sovereignty movement which is a political movement aimed at attaining independent statehood.

16. Nationalism Nationalism plays a large role in the politics of the province, with all three major provincial political parties seeking greater autonomy and recognition of the Quebec people as a nation. Sovereigntist governments held referendums on independence in 1980 and 1995, and the Canadian House of Commons passed a symbolic motion recognizing the "Québécois as a nation within Canada".

17. Nationalism and Quebec English Canada and Quebec both under threat English Canada worried about Americanization Quebec worried about linguistic (and hence cultural) assimilation Accommodation constrained by elements of Canadian political culture strong federal government equality of the provinces equality of linguistic rights inviolability of individual rights

18. Pierre Trudeau Brian Mulroney Jean Chrétien