1. Quebec

2. Physical Geography Large area Straddles three physiographic regions: –Canadian Shield –Appalachia –St. Lawrence Lowlands St. Lawrence River separates Canadian Shield & Appalachia regions

3. Physical Geography Landforms –Canadian shield = craton –Low, rolling topography Glaciation

4. Physical Geography Climate (Dfc & Dfb) –Often extreme: blizzards, ice storms –Short, mild summers –Wet –Weather from West to East

5. Physical Geography Precipitation

6. Physical Geography Soils

7. Historical Settlement First Nations & John Cabot Jacques Cartier, 1534 Sam Champlain, 1608 Furs & Fishing: –Lakes & Interior waterways New France in 1597

8. Historical Settlement Seigneurial System 18 th and 19 th centuries The “Long Lot” System (Rang) –Maximized river and road access for transportation –Rotures, mean distance of ½ mile

9. Long Lot Example

10. Political Economy Primary sector, agriculture –Thin, rocky soils Wheat primary crop until great plains competition Tried potatoes, apples, oats, dairy products, sugar beets in 18 th and 19 th centuries –Trapping, fishing, forestry Paper Mill, Quebec

11. Urban Industry Montreal: Financial Quebec City: Administrative

12. Québécois Nationalism Federation –Powers and functions divided between a central government and political subdivisions –Significant degree of political autonomy –Canada is a federal state, divided into ten provinces and three territories British North America Act of 1867 –Bilingual Rise of French as a first language The “Quiet Revolution”

13. Quebec Secession Movement 82% of Quebec = French as first language But many other languages spoken: –Italian and Ukranian in Ontario and the Prairie Provinces –European and Chinese in British Columbia –Inuit and indigenous Native Canadian in Yukon, the Northwest Territories, and Nunavut Québécois assimilated into dominant English-speaking majority?

14. Québécois Response

15. Survey Says…

16. Religion Basilique Ste.-Anne-de-Beaupre in Quebec City

17. Southern Quebec Primary places of settlement Near Gaspé

18. Northern Quebec > 90% of land, but few people Influence of Grand Trunk Railway Economy? –Mineral resources, forestry, mining, and hydroelectric power More in Lecture 17

19. Urban Quebec

20. The Future? Dominant English-speaking Realm, yet French Culture prevalent Independence from Canada? Post-industrial economy dominated by services and information technology –Generating economic security Influence of EU and NAFTA?

21. Readings & Discussion Question Reading: Canadien Reading: Maple Syrup Reading: Joyce, William W. 1997. Introducing Canada: Content Backgrounders, Strategies, and Resources for Educators. Washington, D.C.: National Council for the Social Studies, Bulletin 94. –Useful manual for anyone interested in helping students learn more about Canada’s lands, peoples, politics, and economic development. How might Quebec’s unique French heritage and culture impact its future?

22. Related Books Bone, R. M. 2000. The Regional Geography of Canada. New York: Oxford University. –Great look at the geography of Canada with a specific section devoted to Quebec separatism. Young, Brian and John Dickinson. 1993. A Short History of Quebec. Toronto: Copp Clark Pitman. –Concise outline of Quebec.

23. WebSources Quebec Tourism http://www.bonjourquebec.com/anglais/ Quebec Sovereignty (in French) http://www.souverainete.info/quoi.htm Immigration and Cultural Diversity http://www.immigration-quebec.gouv.qc.ca/vivrequebec/section9/9_2-an.htm