2. True or False The Middle East has more oil than any other region in the world.

3. The Impact of Oil and Middle East Wars Countries in North Africa and the Persian Gulf export more oil than most other countries in the world. The control of oil reserves has been an issue in many of the wars fought in the Middle East during the 20 th century. Many countries have been involved in wars in the Middle East.

4. Oil Reserves in SW Asia

5. True or False The United States is a member of OPEC.

6. OPEC OPEC = Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries Members include: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iraq, Iran, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Venezuela

7. Persian Gulf War The Persian Gulf War was a war between Iraq and a group of about thirty other nations. Iraq accused Kuwait of stealing oil by drilling under the border between the two countries. Iraq invaded Kuwait in August of 1990, under the direction of Iraqi President Saddam Hussein. The Iraqi army took control of Kuwait in a very short amount of time.

8. Who did Iraq invade in 1990? A)Iran B)Kuwait C)Oman D)Israel

9. The UN responded to the Iraqi invasion by demanding that Iraq withdraw its troops from Kuwait. The UN used the Iraqi economy to try to convince the country to withdraw. They did this by cutting off trade to the country. Iraq did not withdraw. Many citizens of Kuwait fled the country during the Iraqi occupation. The US and other countries began sending troops to Saudi Arabia over the next few months. The UN set a date for Iraq to leave Kuwait.

10. How did the UN try to convince Iraq to withdraw from Kuwait? A)By attacking Iraq B)By holding peace talks C)By stopping trade D)By arresting government officials

11. Iraq rejected this date and refused to back down. The Iraqis remained in Kuwait after the date. The US and other nations attacked the Iraqi forces in January of 1991 (Operation Desert Storm). The Iraqi army was defeated in less than two months. Iraq was then directed to destroy all weapons of mass destruction (WMDs).

12. What was the attack of Iraqi forces in 1991 called?

13. Iraq after the Persian Gulf War Saddam remained defiant in the years following the war. He allowed weapons inspectors into the country for a very short time before he started denying access. His actions made it look as though he was still stockpiling WMD’s.

14. What did Saddam do to show his defiance? A)Stopped allowing weapons inspectors into the country. B)Bombed the US C)Allowed more weapons inspectors into the country D)Made friends with the US

16. US Invasion of Afghanistan On September 11, 2001, al-Qaeda attacked targets in the US. Al-Qaeda Al-Qaeda is a group of radical Islamic terrorists based largely in Afghanistan. They Hijacked four airplanes and crashed two of then into the World Trade Center in New York. The third airplane crashed into the Pentagon in Virginia, and the fourth crashed in rural Pennsylvania, before reaching its intended target of the White House or US Capital. These terrorist attacks killed nearly 3,000 people.

18. What country were the 9/11 Hijackers from? 15 were from Saudi Arabia 1 was from Egypt 1 was from Lebanon 2 were from UAE

19. What group was behind the 9/11 bombings? A)Saddam Hussein and his troops B)Al-Qaeda C)Hamas D)Hezbollah

20. Where is Al-Qaeda largely based now? A)Iran B)Iraq C)Saudi Arabia D)Afghanistan

21. Osama bin Laden Investigations into the attack have named Osama bin Laden as its organizer. US President Bush called on other countries to help wage war on terrorism. The first goal of those nations that joined the US was to find bin Laden, whom they believed to be in Afghanistan, even though most of the people carrying out the attacks were from Saudi Arabia or the UAE. So far bin Laden has not been captured

22. True or False The United States has caught Osama Bin Laden

23. In October 2001, US and British troops invaded Afghanistan in search of bin Laden. They bombed places where bin Laden was known to be. Millions of people from Afghanistan were homeless because of the many wars that have taken place in their country. After the invasion, more than 3 million refugees returned to their homes. The US-led forces still struggle to control portions of the country.

25. Operation Iraqi Freedom Saddam HusseinWeapons of Mass Destruction (WMD’s) In 2003, the US launched an invasion of Iraq, after claiming that the Iraqi government, led by Saddam Hussein, was developing Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD’s) – nuclear or chemical weapons, and offering aid to groups like al-Qaeda, who were a threat to US interests in the region. The government of Saddam Hussein collapsed quickly because many of the Iraqis felt he was a cruel leader. However, problems followed as the US did not have a plan ready to help reorganize the country once the old government was gone.

26. Who did the US believe was making WMDs? A)Osama Bin Laden B) Saddam Hussein C) King Hussein D) King Abdullah

27. True or False Saddam Hussein was involved in the planning of 9/11

28. American forces have remained in Iraq ever since, trying to stop the fighting between the different religious and ethnic groups who are competing with each other for power as they try to organize a new government. All combat troops left a few weeks ago.