2. Chapter 6 สถาปัตยกรรมไมโครโพรเซสเซอร์แบบต่างๆ Processor Architectures
Fundamental of Computer Architecture

3. เนื้อหา Von-Neumann Architecture Harward Architecture
CISC(Complex Instruction Set computer) Architecture
RISC(Reduced Instruction Set computer) Architecture
VLIW(Very Long Instruction Word) Architecture
Fundamental of Computer Architecture

4. How to classify processors
Categorized by memory organization
Von-Neumann architecture
Harvard architecture
Categorized by instruction type
CISC
RISC
VLIW
Fundamental of Computer Architecture

5. Harvard architecture Separate memory into 2 types
Program memory
Data memory
Used in MCS-51, MIPS etc.
Fundamental of Computer Architecture

6. Harvard architecture
Fundamental of Computer Architecture

7. Harvard Architecture 240-208 Fundamental of Computer Architecture
From
Fundamental of Computer Architecture

8. Von-Neumann architecture
Combine program and data in 1 chunk of memory
Example : 80x86 architecture
Fundamental of Computer Architecture

9. Von-Neumann architecture
Fundamental of Computer Architecture

10. Von-Neumann architecture
From
Fundamental of Computer Architecture

11. CISC Feature Complex instruction set computer
Large number of instructions (~ instructions)
Specialized complex instructions
Many different addressing modes
Variable length instruction format
Memory to memory instruction
For Example : 68000, 80x86
Fundamental of Computer Architecture

12. RISC Feature Reduced instruction set computer
Relatively few number of instructions (~50)
Basic instructions
Relatively few different addressing modes
Fixed length instruction format
Only load/store instructions can access memory
Fundamental of Computer Architecture

13. RISC Feature: continued
Large number of registers
Hardwired rather than micro-program control
For Example : MIPS, Alpha, ARM etc.
Fundamental of Computer Architecture

14. RISC vs CISC CISC -- High Code Density
Fewer instructions needed to specify the algorithm
RISC -- Simpler to Design & Faster to Silicon
Higher Performance -- smaller die size
Lower power consumption
Easier to develop compilers to take advantage of all features
Fundamental of Computer Architecture

15. Example of CPU Architectures
Intel: 80x86
Motorola: 680x0
Sun : Sparc
Silicon Graphics : MIPS
HP : PA-RISC
IBM: Power PC
Compaq: Alpha
CISC
RISC
Fundamental of Computer Architecture

16. VLIW Very Long Instruction Word
One instruction contains serveral independent operations that are executed in parallel
LOAD R4,R2
ADD R1,R2
OR R5,R2
INVERT R7
1 Instruction
LOAD R4,R2
ADD R1,R2
OR R5,R2
INVERT R7
Fundamental of Computer Architecture

17. VLIW Processor
Fundamental of Computer Architecture

18. VLIW
Fundamental of Computer Architecture

19. VLIW Instruction level parallelism
rely on the compiler to determine which instruction may be executed in parallel
The number of operations in VLIW instruction is equal to the number of execution units in the processor
Fundamental of Computer Architecture

20. VLIW : Pros and cons Advantage Disadvantage
Simpler and Faster than RISC
Disadvantage
Incremental in execution unit=> the program must be recompiled
Fundamental of Computer Architecture

21. VLIW Widely used in DSP(Digital Signal processing) applications
high performance and low cost
Less successful in general-purpose computer
customers demand software compatibility between generations of a processor
Fundamental of Computer Architecture

22. จบ บทที่ 6
Fundamental of Computer Architecture