1. Graphical Presentation of Data

2. Qualitative Data

3. Bar Diagram A graphical method for depicting qualitative data. Specify the labels for each of the classes on the horizontal axis. Scale the vertical axis with reference to frequency, relative frequency, or percent frequency. Draw bars of fixed width above each class with heights corresponding to the frequency. Bars are separated to convey the information that each class is a separate category. 3Graphical Presentation of Data

4. Source: Quisumbing & Baulch, CPRC No. 143 4Graphical Presentation of Data

5. Source: IFPRI FAND,Working paper No 176 5Graphical Presentation of Data

6. 6

7. Pie Chart A graphical tool to present relative frequency distributions for qualitative data. Draw a circle; subdivide the circle into sectors to represent the relative frequency for each class. For example, a class with a relative frequency of.25 would consume.25(360) = 90 degrees of the circle. 7Graphical Presentation of Data

8. Distribution of intergenerational transfers of husbands and wives, by type of transfer Source: Quisumbing, CPRCE Working paper No 117 8Graphical Presentation of Data

9. Source: Quisumbing, CPRCE Working paper No 117 9Graphical Presentation of Data

10. Source: Quisumbing, CPRCE Working paper No 117 10Graphical Presentation of Data

11. Quantitative Data

12. Histogram Measure variable under review on the horizontal axis. Draw a rectangle above each class interval with its area corresponding to the interval’s frequency, relative frequency, or percent frequency; plot frequency density if the class intervals are of unequal width. Unlike a bar graph, a histogram does not separate between rectangles of adjacent classes. 12Graphical Presentation of Data

13. The National Sample Survey data on consumer expenditure distribution for urban all-India for 1993-94 is as follows. Draw a (relative frequency) histogram. Monthly per capita expenditure class Per thousand no of personsMonthly per capita expenditure < 16050132.84 160 - 19050175.52 190 - 23094210.80 230 - 26590247.51 265 - 310109286.84 310 - 355100331.57 355 - 410103380.72 410 - 490106447.58 490 - 605100543.46 605 - 825102698.33 825 - 105547923.38  1055 491643.06 All Classes1000458.04 13 Graphical Presentation of Data

14. 14Graphical Presentation of Data

15. 15Graphical Presentation of Data

16. Estimates of nutritional status of households across per capita monthly expenditure classes in 1972/73 are provided in the Table given below. Class IntervalsPer Capita Calorie IntakePercentage of PopulationMonthly Per Capita Expenditure % of Total Expenditure on Food Poor 0-137761.6710.3881.41 13-1510551.3414.0182.73 15-1812203.3616.4982.65 18-2113985.1319.4682.52 21-2415866.4622.4182.41 24-28174310.0925.9181.68 28-34194415.5830.8681.70 Non-Poor 34-43221019.0738.1478.85 43-55253816.2548.2475.56 55-75292911.8763.2071.56 75-10034395.3185.2666.05 100-15041102.90118.0059.42 150-20055210.56170.3252.00 200+69910.47342.8138.22 All2266100.0043.9172.81 16 Graphical Presentation of Data

17. 17Graphical Presentation of Data

18. 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 per capita calorie intake 0100200300400 MPCE 18Graphical Presentation of Data

19. Basic data for Engel function : Urban Maharashtra (2004-05) Source: GoM (pooled state & central samples) Average monthly per capita expenditure in Rs. DistrictFoodNon-FoodTotal % Share of food Thane 519.50787.601307.1039.74 Mumbai 604.19943.731547.9139.03 Raigad 555.16777.161332.3241.67 Ratnagiri 483.68615.091098.7844.02 Sindhudurg 424.12399.33823.4651.50 Konkan Division 572.32881.471453.7839.37 Pune 514.35877.431391.7836.96 Solapur 369.10380.52749.6249.24 Satara 574.19991.981566.1736.66 Kolhapur 411.70461.48873.1847.15 Sangli 363.48322.46685.9452.99 Pune Division 469.98710.771180.7439.80 Ahmadnagar 400.08516.52916.6043.65 Nandurbar 358.72435.22793.9445.18 Dhule 360.29393.28753.5747.81 Jalgaon 390.79466.40857.1945.59 Nashik 342.12526.41868.5339.39 Nashik Division 368.42493.61862.0442.74 19Graphical Presentation of Data

20. Average monthly per capita expenditure in Rs. DistrictFoodNon-FoodTotal % Share of food Nanded 286.89284.71571.6050.19 Hingoli 316.84340.54657.1848.21 Parbhani 353.05486.44839.4942.06 Jalna 428.61618.581047.1940.93 Aurangabad 352.10520.40872.5040.36 Bid 265.25199.53464.7857.07 Latur 332.43381.34713.7746.57 Osmanabad 413.72839.581253.3033.01 Aurangabad Division 338.01446.77784.7843.07 Buldhana 336.37467.88804.1541.83 Akola 337.53451.61789.1442.77 Washim 322.60331.10653.7049.35 Amravati 311.91385.64697.5544.72 Yavatmal 309.14455.46764.6040.43 Amravati Division 322.68422.45745.1343.31 Wardha 343.06354.97698.0349.15 Nagpur 403.74637.171040.9138.79 Bhandara 373.63612.69986.3237.88 Gondiya 418.34638.791057.1339.57 Gadchiroli 334.05502.59836.6339.93 Chandrapur 419.57780.251199.8234.97 Nagpur Division 401.13643.771044.9038.39 State 479.80720.781200.5839.96 20 Graphical Presentation of Data

21. 400 500 600 700 800 Rs per capita per month Box Plot: Total Expenditure - Urban Maharashtra Box Whisker plot 21Graphical Presentation of Data

22. 45 50 55 60 % Total expenditure share Box Plot: Food Share (%) in Total Expenditure - Urban Maharashtra 22Graphical Presentation of Data

23. 23Graphical Presentation of Data

24. 30 40 50 60 Food share (%) 50010001500 Total household exp (Rs) Engel Relation for Food: Urban Maharashtra (2004-05) 24Graphical Presentation of Data

25. 30 40 50 60 Food share (%) 50010001500 Total household exp (Rs) % Share of Food Engel Relation for Food: Urban Maharashtra (2004-05) 25Graphical Presentation of Data

26. 30 40 50 60 Food share (%) 50010001500 Total household exp (Rs) % Share of Food Engel Relation for Food: Urban Maharashtra (2004-05) 26Graphical Presentation of Data

27. 27Graphical Presentation of Data

28. 45 50 55 60 Food share (%) 400500600700800 Total household exp (Rs.) Engel Relation for Food: Rural Maharashtra (2004-05) 28Graphical Presentation of Data

29. 45 50 55 60 Food share (%) 400500600700800 Total household exp (Rs.) Engel Relation for Food: Rural Maharashtra (2004-05) 29Graphical Presentation of Data

30. 45 50 55 60 Food share (%) 400500600700800 Total household exp (Rs.) Engel Relation for Food: Rural Maharashtra (2004-05) 30Graphical Presentation of Data

31. Engel relation: Rural Maharashtra 45 50 55 60 Food share in total expenditure (%) 400500600700800 Average monthly per capita consumer expenditure (Rs.) 31Graphical Presentation of Data

32. Box Whisker Plot: 5 Number Summary Five number summary : Visual representation of the box and whisker plot. The five number summary consists of : – The median ( 2 nd quartile) – The 1 st quartile – The 3 rd quartile – The maximum value in a data set – The minimum value in a data set 32Graphical Presentation of Data

33. Box and whisker plot: Steps Step 1 – Estimate the median. Median: Central value in ordered data set. 18, 27, 34, 52, 54, 59, 61, 68, 78, 82, 85, 87, 91, 93, 100 68 is the median of this data set. 33Graphical Presentation of Data

34. Constructing a box and whisker plot Step 2 – Estimate the lower quartile. Lower quartile: Median of the bottom half - data set to the left of 68. (18, 27, 34, 52, 54, 59, 61,) 68, 78, 82, 85, 87, 91, 93, 100 52 is the lower quartile 34Graphical Presentation of Data

35. Constructing a box and whisker plot Step 3 – Estimate the upper quartile. Upper quartile: Median of the top half - data set to the right of 68. 18, 27, 34, 52, 54, 59, 61, 68, (78, 82, 85, 87, 91, 93, 100) 87 is the upper quartile 35Graphical Presentation of Data

36. Constructing a box and whisker plot Step 4 – Estimate the maximum and minimum values in the set. The maximum is the largest value in the data set. The minimum is the smallest value in the data set. 18, 27, 34, 52, 54, 59, 61, 68, 78, 82, 85, 87, 91, 93, 100 18 is the minimum and 100 is the maximum. 36Graphical Presentation of Data

37. Constructing a box and whisker plot Step 5 – Estimate the inter-quartile range (IQR). IQR: Difference between the upper and lower quartiles. – Upper Quartile = 87 – Lower Quartile = 52 – 87 – 52 = 35 – 35 = IQR 37Graphical Presentation of Data

38. The 5 Number Summary Organize the 5 number summary – Median – 68 – Lower Quartile – 52 – Upper Quartile – 87 – Max – 100 – Min – 18 38Graphical Presentation of Data

39. Graphing The Data The Box includes the lower quartile, median, and upper quartile. The Whiskers extend from the Box to the max and min. 39Graphical Presentation of Data

40. Analyzing The Graph Slide 18Slide 18 Observations inside the box represent the middle half ( 50%) of the data. The line segment inside the box represents the median. 40Graphical Presentation of Data