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Ipbb.PPT / 28.9.1998 / Risto Mononen page: 1 IP over networks Heikki Almay Kari Melkko Risto Mononen IP seminar 28.9.1998.

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Presentation on theme: "Ipbb.PPT / 28.9.1998 / Risto Mononen page: 1 IP over networks Heikki Almay Kari Melkko Risto Mononen IP seminar 28.9.1998."— Presentation transcript:

1 ipbb.PPT / 28.9.1998 / Risto Mononen page: 1 IP over networks Heikki Almay Kari Melkko Risto Mononen IP seminar 28.9.1998

2 ipbb.PPT / 28.9.1998 / Risto Mononen page: 2 IP in the backbone “IP over anything” rule guarantees the connectivity Link-layer specific encapsulation and possibly connection setup needed Common link-layers: LAPF, AAL5, PPP PDH, SDH or WDM transmission path in the bottom Routers have several IP interfaces with possibly different physical media

3 ipbb.PPT / 28.9.1998 / Risto Mononen page: 3 Eg. Cisco 12000 Series Quotes from http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/733/12000/gsrfs_ds.htm: The Gigabit Switch Router (GSR) delivers scalable IP forwarding and services performance in a carrier-class platform, enabling high-speed IP backbones to scale to OC-3 (155 Mbps), OC-12 (622 Mbps), and OC-48 (2.4 Gbps) facilities. Supports a combination of IP over SONET/SDH and ATM interfaces, including other high-speed media: Four-port OC-3/STM-1 IP over SONET/SDH One-port OC-12/STM-4 IP over SONET/SDH One-port OC-12/STM-4 ATM Future line cards, including: Four-port OC-3/STM-1 ATM Four-port OC-12/STM-4 IP over SONET/SDH One-port OC-48/STM-16 IP over SONET/SDH Gigabit Ethernet

4 ipbb.PPT / 28.9.1998 / Risto Mononen page: 4 Frame Relay Variable size frames over PCM links LAPF / HDLC framing "Streamlined X.25 / LAPB": outband signalling layer 2 multiplexing end-to-end flow and error control above LAPF hop-by-hop FCS checking to drop corrupted frames Application TCP/IP LAPF - - - - - - - - - -LAPF - - - - - - - - - - - - LAPF PHY PHY PHY End node Switching node End node

5 ipbb.PPT / 28.9.1998 / Risto Mononen page: 5 Multiprotocol over FR Routing mode need layer 3 NLPID IP NLPID is 0xCC save 48 bits over bridging Bridging mode encapsulate whole MAC frame NLPID 0x80 + SNAP define (LAN) protocol FR level fragmenting Complicated ARP Usually DLCI has only local significance Frame Relay network provides a method for obtaining the correct DLCIs Encapsulated IP packet: flag 0x7E Q.922 address (DLCI) Control 0x03 NLPID 0xCC IP Datagram FCS flag 0x7E

6 ipbb.PPT / 28.9.1998 / Risto Mononen page: 6 IP over ATM “IP over ATM: A Framework Document" [RFC1932] LLC/SNAP encapsulation is default CLIP and LANE TULIP strips IP header need end-to-end ATM TUNIC strips layer 4 header replace TCP port based multiplexing with VC multiplexing "Multiprotocol Encapsulation over ATM Adaptation Layer 5" [RFC1483] MPLS work lead to new draft 1998 Working technology in single LIS (IP subnet) Routing between LISes ongoing work

7 ipbb.PPT / 28.9.1998 / Risto Mononen page: 7 IP over SONET/SDH and WDM ANSI and ITU-T flavors of synchronous links "PPP over SONET/SDH" [RFC1619] octet synchronous HDLC encapsulation add scrambling 1998 scales up to OC-48/STM-16/2.5 Gb/s WDM will provide huge bandwidth > OC-48 Lucent's Simplified Data Link (SDL) delineation proposal variable length frames header CRC payload CRC hunt for SONET H4 byte (?) and/or correct header CRC add QoS and multiplexing to get “ATM lite”

8 ipbb.PPT / 28.9.1998 / Risto Mononen page: 8 IP switching Industry suggestions data driven Ipsilon Flow Management Protocol (IFMP), Cell Switch Router (CSR) snoop packets to find a flow control (topology) driven Tag Switching, Aggregate Route-Based IP Switching (ARIS), IP Navigator routing updates and RSVP messages trigger VC setup ATM Forum: MPOA/NHRP IETF: RSVP, MPLS Traditional Internet: connectionless datagram forwarding (IP) Switching is always connection oriented and needs signalling: RSVP, LDP, SS7, PNNI, … Internet wants all the switching goodies with new names

9 ipbb.PPT / 28.9.1998 / Risto Mononen page: 9 DiffServ Last pure stateless attempt? Take IP header TOS bits in use Priority queuing enhances QoS Still best-effort inside each “class” CAC or pricing to protect backbone? Interoperate with RSVP in enterprise net and ATM in backbone Van Jakobson's research http://www-nrg.ee.lbl.gov/ Research projects with their own web pages include: CBQ (Class-Based Queueing, including link-sharing); ECN (Explicit Congestion Notification); RED gateways (Random Early Detection Gateways); SRM (Scalable Reliable Multicast); the VINT project, based on the UCB/LBNL Network Simulator ns ( ns-1, ns-2) Adaptive Web Caching ;

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