1. Greg Hyde Raymond Zheng Joseph Rojano Katie Bentley Lori Liebman P14414 P3 ARBORLOO WIND RESISTANCE TEST STAND DETAILED DESIGN REVIEW 1

2.  Team Introductions  Project Statement  Functional Decomposition  System Architecture  Concepts  Project Refocusing  CFD Analysis  ANSYS Analysis  Subsystems  Risk Analysis  Project Plan  Moving Forward  Summary OVERVIEW 2

3. TEAM INTRODUCTIONS 3 MemberMajorRole Greg HydeIndustrial Engineer Project Manager Raymond Zheng Mechanical Engineer Lead Engineer Joseph RojanoMechanical Engineer Secretary Katie BentleyMechanical Engineer Engineer Lori LiebmanMechanical Engineer Engineer

4. 4 Measure wind speed, forces, aerodynamic effects Create test procedure for full size and scale testing Recommendations for future design of arborloos PROJECT STATEMENT The primary objective of this project is to design a scale model and a full-size test stand that will help determine the wind resistance of various arborloo designs. The scale model test stand should replicate the forces experienced by a Class I hurricane, and the results should be easily comparable to the lower speed, full-size results.

5. 5 FUNCTIONAL DECOMPOSITION

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9. 9 PROCESS MAP

10. 10 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

11. 11 CONCEPTS - RIT WIND TUNNEL Scale Speeds – 1/6 Model Matching Reynolds Number Required Wind Tunnel fluid speed: ~570 mph Wind tunnel maximum fluid speed: ~120 mph Using a model that’s 1/6th as small, Mimicked wind speed: ~20 mph ~40 mph for a 1/3 model

12. 12 CONCEPTS - TOW TANK HYBRID 1/6 Scale Required velocity of the system to be ~17.5m/s Drag force would be ~11455.6 N Required motor would need to be ~250hp 1/3 Scale Required velocity of the system to be ~8.75 m/s Drag force would be ~12124N Required motor would need to be ~140hp If v = 40mph, Vreq = 7.36m/s Fd = 2145N Preq = ~21hp Maximum testable wind speeds would be around 50mph with a 30hp engine assuming 2m/s lazy river velocity

13. 13 SCALING LAWS Dimensional Analysis – allows for identification of key parameters Reynolds Number allows to determine model test velocity given a full size expected velocity Drag Coefficient allows us to find the expected full size drag force given the model measured drag force

14. 14 C D (Re) – Large Difference Laminar & Turbulent Flows To make sure you have dynamic similitude you need to match Reynolds between model and full size so that C D is correct REYNOLDS NUMBER - IMPORTANCE

15. 15 For infinite plate with 2D flow, C D is actually constant over a vast range of Re Can assume C D will always be constant at any velocity REYNOLDS NUMBER - IMPORTANCE

16. 16 DRAG COEFFICIENT- IMPORTANCE “The drag coefficient for all objects with sharp edges is essentially independent of Reynolds number (for Re>1000)”

17. 17 Because C D is constant for a flat plate at a large range of Reynolds Numbers, there is no need to match wind speed No need to match Reynolds Number Can obtain C D with low speed tests With a constant wind velocity, area and fluid, the drag force can be calculated given C D PROJECT REFOCUSING

18. 18 Created a simulation using COMSOL Multiphysics 4.3b Turbulent Flow Parameters Flow Characteristics Pressure Distribution 3 Models 22-45 mins simulation time CFD ANALYSIS

19. 19 CFD ANALYSIS TOP OF ARBORLOO 1/6 MODEL AT 95 MPH

20. 20 CFD ANALYSIS TOP OF ARBORLOO 1/6 MODEL AT 570 MPH

21. 21 CFD ANALYSIS MIDDLE OF ARBORLOO 1/6 MODEL AT 95 MPH

22. 22 CFD ANALYSIS MIDDLE OF ARBORLOO 1/6 MODEL AT 570 MPH

23. 23 CFD ANALYSIS BOTTOM OF ARBORLOO 1/6 MODEL AT 95 MPH

24. 24 CFD ANALYSIS BOTTOM OF ARBORLOO 1/6 MODEL AT 570 MPH

25. 25 CFD ANALYSIS PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION OVER FACE OF ARBORLOO 1/6 MODEL AT 95 MPH

26. 26 CFD ANALYSIS PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION OVER FACE OF ARBORLOO 1/6 MODEL AT 570 MPH

27. 27 Mechanical Deformation SOLID 187 Wood – E=9.03 GPA Anisotropic Material 1 inch thickness ANSYS ANALYSIS

28. 28 Measuring Devices DAQ + Data Processing Attachments + Model SUBSYSTEMS

29. 29 Pressure Sensors (Omega PXCPC-001GV ) – 5 sensors mounted on face of arborloo – Sensor range 1 kPa – 1000 kPa – Cost: $31 each SUBSYSTEMS – MEASURING DEVICES

30. 30 Pressure sensors will give general pressure distribution Surface area of arborloo face is known – 1/6 scale: Area=18 in^2 Average Pressure x Area = Distributed Force SUBSYSTEMS – MEASURING DEVICES

31. 31 Anemometer – 1 mounted next to arborloo (not obstructing air flow) – Cost: ~$250 each – Used to verify windspeed at arborloo SUBSYSTEMS – MEASURING DEVICES

32. 32 2 options for Data acquisition and processing – Option 1: Real time analysis using LabView Department equipment available to convert information from sensors to LabView compatible data LabView code would analyze the data instantaneously – Option 2: External Storage and analysis using LabView, Excel or Matlab Device can have an external storage that can be connected to a computer than analyzed in any program that the user desires Data must be collected after each test and has a limit on data capacity SUBSYSTEMS – DAQ + DATA PROCESSING NI LabView National Instruments program that the KGCOE has available for students Provides tools that are needed to build measurement and control applications efficiently An application can be made to analyze the data as it is being collected and projecting it in a useful format Matlab or Excel Data would be input manually after being stored on an external drive Then data would be analyzed using the program applications

33. 33 RIT Wind Tunnel Model to be attached via stainless steel plate Test Model will need to be about 1.5 ft tall max (1/6 th scale) SUBSYSTEMS – ATTACHMENTS + MODEL

34. 34 Wind Tunnel Attachment Block ¼” thru holes for attachment Create adaptor that attaches to the block to simulate the posts of the arborloo in the ground SUBSYSTEMS – ATTACHMENTS + MODEL

35. 35 SUBSYSTEMS – ATTACHMENTS + MODEL

36. 36 RISK ANALYSIS

37. 37 RISK ANALYSIS

38. 38 PROJECT PLAN

39. 39 Weeks 13-15 Test Small Scale in Wind Tunnel Design Full Scale Test Weeks 9-12 Finalize Small Scale Design Purchase Materials Build Model MOVING FORWARD

40. OVERVIEW 40  Team Introductions  Project Statement  Functional Decomposition  System Architecture  Concepts  Project Refocusing  CFD Analysis  ANSYS Analysis  Subsystems  Risk Analysis  Project Plan  Moving Forward

41. 41 QUESTIONS?