1. Department of Consumer and Employment Protection Resources Safety 1 Please read this before using presentation This presentation is based on content presented at the 2007 Mines Safety Roadshow held in October 2007 It is made available for non-commercial use (eg toolbox meetings) subject to the condition that the PowerPoint file is not altered without permission from Resources Safety Supporting resources, such as brochures and posters, are available from Resources Safety For resources, information or clarification, please contact: ResourcesSafety@docep.wa.gov.au or visit www.docep.wa.gov.au/ResourcesSafety

2. Toolbox presentation: Road safety on mine sites – part 2 Traffic safety on mining operations October 2007

3. Department of Consumer and Employment Protection Resources Safety 3 Road safety on mine sites toolbox series 1.Road safety issues on WA mine sites 2.Traffic safety at mining operations (Author: Damir Vagaya, ARRB Group)

4. Department of Consumer and Employment Protection Resources Safety 4 Presentation objectives Recognise and understand some of the traffic hazards present at mining operations, including processing plants, that are often overlooked Guidance on how to deal with these hazards

5. Department of Consumer and Employment Protection Resources Safety 5 Presentation overview Risk Roads Pedestrians Delineation Traffic signs Parking Remedial actions

6. Department of Consumer and Employment Protection Resources Safety 6 Introduction to ARRB Group Established in 1960 by Australian and New Zealand Road Authorities as the Australian Road Research Board Publicly owned research and consulting not-for-profit organisation with a major focus on increasing traffic safety research | consulting | technology www.arrb.com.au

7. Department of Consumer and Employment Protection Resources Safety 7 Introduction cont. ARRB has been assisting the resource industry by: conducting site-based road safety audits auditing heavy vehicles routes (public roads) developing traffic management plans undertaking crash investigations Presenter: Traffic safety engineer with mining background and experience in traffic risk assessments

8. Department of Consumer and Employment Protection Resources Safety 8 RISK

9. Department of Consumer and Employment Protection Resources Safety 9 Why are road safety and traffic management important? Form part of an overall risk management strategy Minimise injury and property damage Ensure people travel safely while at work and on their journeys to and from work (Reduce downtime, cost and inefficiency)

10. Department of Consumer and Employment Protection Resources Safety 10 Regulatory framework Mines Safety and Inspection Act 1994 Promote and improve the safety and health of persons at mines Onus is on the employer to ensure that, as far as is practicable, employees are not exposed to hazards or do not do hazardous work without appropriate personal protective equipment and equipment as is practicable to protect them against those hazards, without any cost to the employees Each person who works on a mine is responsible for: their own safety the safety of others affected by their actions or inactions A motor vehicle used as part of work is considered to be a workplace

11. Department of Consumer and Employment Protection Resources Safety 11 What is risk ? RISK = Exposure x Likelihood x Severity Exposure = traffic volumes Likelihood = length x general & relative risk x influencing factors Severity = historical average of a crash type’s severity (consequences)

12. Department of Consumer and Employment Protection Resources Safety 12 How can we reduce risk? Reduce exposure Access control Reduce likelihood Road design (alignment, cross section, etc.) Maintenance and repair of roads Training / permits Segregation between vehicle types Reduce severity Speed management Vehicles standards (ROP, FOP, load restrains, etc.) Clear zones and barriers

13. Department of Consumer and Employment Protection Resources Safety 13 ROADS

14. Department of Consumer and Employment Protection Resources Safety 14 Road design Alignment Width Gradients Profile Construction practices Unsealed roads Competency and operator training (design manuals, standards, practices) Lifecycle economics Drainage Dust suppression

15. Department of Consumer and Employment Protection Resources Safety 15 Intersection design Sight distances / visibility (consideration for different vehicle types and surface conditions, remove road side objects obscuring visibility) Alignment (preference to intersections at right angles) Right of way controls (Give Way / Stop signage) Conspicuousness (advance warning signs, lighting, hazard board markers at the terminating leg) Preference for “T” junctions over four-way crossovers

16. Department of Consumer and Employment Protection Resources Safety 16 Right-of-way rules Consistent with normal road conditions and Australian road rules Intersections should be posted with “Give way” or “Stop” signage No differentiation between vehicle types Only exception — emergency vehicles Alternative right of way arrangements require a risk assessment

17. Department of Consumer and Employment Protection Resources Safety 17 Pavement design and road surface condition Poor pavement design practices lead to cracks, rutting, potholes and other failures Roads should be kept free of loose material Regular / as-required clean ups (sweeping)

18. Department of Consumer and Employment Protection Resources Safety 18 Clear zones Horizontal width of space on the side of a road that should be free of hazards (i.e. should be safely traversable by errant vehicles) Width depends on the speed and geometry (1 metre to about 3 metres) Where clear zone cannot be achieved: Hazards should be signed and marked Protected by barriers

19. Department of Consumer and Employment Protection Resources Safety 19 Safety barriers Can become hazards themselves Should be installed to applicable standards and specs (e.g. minimum effective length 28 metres, 600 mm deflection) A list of approved W-beam barriers for use in WA can be obtained from Main Roads WA No barrier has been tested on heavy vehicles Should have approved end treatments Reflectors

20. Department of Consumer and Employment Protection Resources Safety 20 Separation of heavy and light vehicles Pedestrians, heavy vehicles and light vehicles should be separated wherever possible (or interaction minimised) Physical separation – (semi)permanent barriers, separate road networks, parking facilities Time separation – management process aimed at restricting access to certain vehicles into certain areas at certain times (i.e. no deliveries during shift change hours, activities restricted to night shifts where traffic volumes are generally lower)

21. Department of Consumer and Employment Protection Resources Safety 21 Lighting Common problems Glaring Dark spots Inadequate lighting of pedestrian facilities Inadequate lighting of parking facilities Regular inspections and reporting

22. Department of Consumer and Employment Protection Resources Safety 22 PEDESTRIANS

23. Department of Consumer and Employment Protection Resources Safety 23 Pedestrians — desire lines and route planning Walking is always present and safe walking should be encouraged Identify main desire lines and match with appropriate infrastructure (footpaths, crossings) Separation and protection from vehicles Monitor usage

24. Department of Consumer and Employment Protection Resources Safety 24 Footpaths 1.5-2.0 metres wide Ideally raised (kerbed) If level with roads, mark footpaths with paint Provide lighting Marked crossings (zebras) only at locations with high pedestrian activity. Most crossings should be unmarked but signposted

25. Department of Consumer and Employment Protection Resources Safety 25 Footpaths cont. No parking on footpaths allowed Protect pedestrians with safety guardrail Pedestrians should be encouraged to use footpaths Assess and address tripping hazards (High visibility) PPE should be worn at all times

26. Department of Consumer and Employment Protection Resources Safety 26 DELINEATION

27. Department of Consumer and Employment Protection Resources Safety 27 Delineation — colour coding Delineation of areas of specific activities (walkways, laydown, working, hazards, etc.) Should be standardised and consistent across operations

28. Department of Consumer and Employment Protection Resources Safety 28 Delineation — guide posts Delineate the road formation Red on the left, white on the right Installation: Roads: 150 metres on straight section, two pairs should be visible at all times (depends on the speed), about 1.5metres from road formation Haulage roads: 50 metres on flat roads, and 30 metres on curves; 1.5-2 metres height, 0.5-1 metres from edge of road Auditing of guide post condition (cleaning, repairing, replacing)

29. Department of Consumer and Employment Protection Resources Safety 29 TRAFFIC SIGNS

30. Department of Consumer and Employment Protection Resources Safety 30 Traffic signs Principles for installation: Familiarity Consistency Meet expectation Relevancy Follow relevant standards (AS 1742, Main Roads WA guidelines, Road Rules) Reflectivity (AS 1906 as a minimum, high reflectivity materials for dusty conditions) Use Size B or Size C signs

31. Department of Consumer and Employment Protection Resources Safety 31 Use of non-standard signs Road users respond best to standard traffic controls Minimise the use of non-standard signs Graphical representation Up to 5 words on up to 5 lines Font size depends on speed Replace non-standard signs Implement an approval system for installing signs

32. Department of Consumer and Employment Protection Resources Safety 32 Issues with traffic signs Issues Faded, damaged, non-reflective signs Dirty Obscured by vegetation Missing Small size Obsolete Signage clutter Implement a regular monitoring and maintenance program

33. Department of Consumer and Employment Protection Resources Safety 33 Speed signs Should be in multiplies of 10 km/h Installed on the left side of the road Ideally on both sides of the road On long stretches of road, repeater signs installed at spacings of 500 metres

34. Department of Consumer and Employment Protection Resources Safety 34 Speed management Appropriate speed limits Consistency Practicality Relevancy Limit the number of speed limits to three or four (e.g. 10, 20, 40 and 60 km/h) Prepare speed zone maps

35. Department of Consumer and Employment Protection Resources Safety 35 Speed management cont. Monitoring and enforcement Consideration for changing environment Unsealed roads – dust, rain, wind Always drive to conditions

36. Department of Consumer and Employment Protection Resources Safety 36 PARKING

37. Department of Consumer and Employment Protection Resources Safety 37 Parking facilities Parking permitted in designated areas only Constructed on flat areas Alternatively use wheel block, V drains, etc. Separation between light vehicles, heavy vehicles and pedestrians Provision for pedestrian corridors Lighting as appropriate Reverse parking might not be the best solution for all locations Install protection for objects or pedestrians behind vehicles

38. Department of Consumer and Employment Protection Resources Safety 38 REMEDIAL ACTIONS

39. Department of Consumer and Employment Protection Resources Safety 39 Remedial actions Increase site safety awareness culture Hazards, incidents and near misses reporting Documenting Undertake remedial actions and provide feedback Auditing Internal (operation / organisation) External - Road safety auditing (Austroads)

40. Department of Consumer and Employment Protection Resources Safety 40 Remedial actions cont. Regular reviews of traffic management documentation Change management Communication of change Training

41. Department of Consumer and Employment Protection Resources Safety 41 Queries Damir Vagaja Manager Mining and Resources ARRB Group Ltd 191 Carr Place Leederville WA 6007  08 9227 3024 or 0404 057 066  damir.vagaja@arrb.com.au  www.arrb.com.au