1. Thinking Skill: Gather and organize information and data
Inner and East Asia, 600 – 1200
Thinking Skill: Gather and organize information and data

2. I. The Early Tang Empire, 618 - 715
A. Tang Origins
Sui Dynasty (581 – 618)
Emperor Li Shimin
Extension of autonomy
Allowed local nobles, gentry, officials, and religious establishments to exercise significant power
Turkic Inner Asian-Tang Emp. And nobility descended from Turkic elites
Appreciated Pastoral nomadic culture of Inner Asia and Chinese traditions
Culture/military
B. Buddhism
and the Tang Empire
Followed Inner Asian precedents in political use of Buddhism
Presence of Buddhism, responsibility of king
Mahayana Buddhism dominant – facilitated cultural exchange
Early Tang dependence on Buddhist monasteries
Cosmopolitan - diversity, contacts with Inner Asia

3. C. To Chang’an by Land and Sea
Roads, Grand Canal
Tributary system
Compass design, ocean vessels
D. Trade and Cultural Exchange
Cultural impact from Inner Asia/Islam
Clothing
Stringed instruments, food and wine
1000 CE exports exceeded imports – balance of trade
Silks, porcelain
Increased trade– traders use credit/finance networks

4. B. Upheavals and Repression, 750 – 879
New fears of Buddhism undermining Confucianism, Han Yu
Emperor Wu Zhao – favored Buddhism/Daoism, reviled by Confucian writers
Buddhists severed ties to this world
840 – Tang destroyed thousands of monasteries, government gained new sources of revenue
Fall of Buddhism in Tang China
C. The End of the Tang Empire, 879 – 907
Empire dependent on local military rulers/complex tax system
755 – Rebellion led by General An Lushan -> rise of military governors
Prosperity but political disintegration and cultural decay
879 – 881 – Huang Chao (gentry) led greatest uprising Hatred of foreigners
Warlords wiped out rebels
Mass migrations to the south

5. Discuss the absorption and also repression of Buddhism in China
Discuss the absorption and also repression of Buddhism in China. What was the impact of these two trends in Asian history?

6. Tang adopted many Buddhist ideas, and many of the Tang regions had Budd. Populations. Bud. played an important political function, giving emperors the spiritual function of creating a harmonious Bud. society. Bud. Monks counseled and prayed for leaders and contributed money

7. As the Tang political and military decline became reality, however, there was strong backlash against Bud. Tang elites blamed Bud. for undermining Confucian ideas of the family as the model for the state. Han Yu’s “Memorial on the Bone of Buddha” in 819 was a strong statement criticizing Bud. In 840 the gov.t moved to crush the monasteries; 4,600 temples were destroyed and 26,500 monks and nuns were converted to workers. This was a huge loss to China’s cultural heritage.

8. III. The Emergence of East Asia to 1200
Three new states: origins, beliefs
The Liao and Jin Challenge
Liao Empire of Khitan (916 – 1121) – Siberia to Central Asia
Pastoral traditions, importance of Buddhism to emperor
Siege machines, horsemen
1005 – Song tribute to the Liao
Alliance with Jurchens of northeast Asia
Destruction of Liao capital in 1115
“Southern Song” (1127 – 1279) – Song make payments to Jin to avoid warfare
B. Song Industries
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION???
Indian/West Asian mathematicians/astronomers – fractions/calendars
1088 – Su Song and giant celestial clock
Advances in magnetic compass
Junk ships – rudder, watertight bulkheads…copied in Persian Gulf
HUGE ARMY (1.25 million men) – half the territory of the Tang
Use of steel/iron – sources in the north
Government monopoly by 11th c. – producing as much cast iron as 18th c. Great Britain
Mass production
1100s - Gunpowder - impact

9. C. Economy and Society in Song China
Neo – Confucianism, Zhu Xi, ideal human – the sage
Chan Buddhism (Zen in Japan) – mental discipline
Rigorous examinations for bureaucratic offices
Social implications of scoring well/poorly on exams
Printing – woodblock to moveable type
Mass printing of books, exam materials, instructions on cultivation
Agriculture south of the Yangzi River, plow/rakes, control of malaria
Migration to the south, displacement of native people
1100 – population in Chinese territories over 100 million
Large cities
Problems in cities – waste management, water supply, etc.
City of Hangzhou
Credit – “flying money”
Government issued paper money - inflation
Cost of military expenditures
Sold rights to collect taxes
New social hierarchy based on new sources of wealth – MODERN – growth of middle class and private capitalism seen in 18th c. Europe
Women’s rights/education
Development of footbinding – status symbol

10. IV. New Kingdoms in East Asia
Expanding Confucian world view targeted the south
Cultivation of rice needed structured society
Korea, Japan and Vietnam all centralized power during the Tang period – saw Buddhism and Confucianism as compatible

11. A. Korea Mountains, little agricultural land
Early 500s - kingdom of Silla (south); power of landowners, Koguryo kingdom in north, after 688 Silla ruled but needed support of Tang
After early 900s (fall of Tang) house of Koryo (Korea) united peninsula – alliance with the Song
Koryo kings supported Buddhism – woodblock printing from 700s
Process of woodblock printing, later advances
Koryo Founded 918, destroyed by a Mongol invasion 1259

12. B. Japan
Geography
Mid 600s Yamato followed Tang government
Wooden Architecture, Buddhism
No walls, No Mandate of Heaven
Unchanging Tenno dynasty, role of prime minister and Shinto
Kyoto
Fujiwara family – cultural development, Confucianism
Power of warriors, civil war
Education of women – The Tale of Genji
Kamakura Shogunate – Buddhism, rise of samurai

13. C. Vietnam Red River and Mekong, irrigation systems
“Annam” – Confucian bureaucratic training, Mahayana Buddhism
936 – Dai Viet – good relations with Song
Rivalry with Champa (south) – foreign influences
Champa and voluntary tribute – Champa rice
Confucian hierarchy – differences in treatment of women