1. Where museums, libraries, and archives intersect NISO Z39.87 Developments Robin L. Dale RLG

2. Cornell Metadata Working Group, 20 May 2005 Brief Background  1999 NISO/RLG/CLIR sponsored meeting – “metadata necessary to preserve images”  8/2000 NISO committee AU convened  7/2002 Z39.87 Draft Standard for Trial Use released – Comprehensive list of technical data elements required to manage and preserve digital image collections – 18 month DSFTU evaluation period – Allowed for evaluation via implementation

3. Cornell Metadata Working Group, 20 May 2005 NISO Z39.87 Technical Metadata for Digital Still Images  Predominantly implemented through MIX (NISO Metadata for Images in XML Schema) – MIX schema created by Library of Congress – METS extension schema  “First line of defense” against obsolescence for images  Subset of broader preservation metadata set

4. Cornell Metadata Working Group, 20 May 2005 Z39.87-2002 [DSFTU]  Sections – Basic image parameters record information crucial to displaying a viewable image – Image creation metadata records information crucial to understanding the technical environment in which a digital image file was captured – Imaging performance assessment metadata records information that allows evaluation of the digital image’s quality, or output accuracy – Change history metadata records information about the processes applied to an image over its life cycle

5. Cornell Metadata Working Group, 20 May 2005 Comments Received  27 submitted comments – “Too TIFF centric” – “not general enough to allow detailed characterization of other image formats…” – “should be able to record JPEG 2000 files…” – “controlled elements are problematic…” – “but why doesn’t it include xx field??” – “not future proofed… what about local lists?” – And more………

6. Cornell Metadata Working Group, 20 May 2005 NISO Z39.87 Revisions (1 of 2)  Original draft: TIFF-centric – Now: more applicable to all still image formats, including JPEG 2000  Original draft: closed data value lists – Now: future-proofing through open lists, local lists, string values  Original draft: only data dictionary, no data format – Now: XML aware [XML Schema as Appendix (NOT part of standard)] – Allows for embedded profiles, color maps, etc.  Corrects some minor errors

7. Cornell Metadata Working Group, 20 May 2005 NISO Z39.87 Revisions (2 of 2)  Complete restructuring  Harmonization with PREMIS on basic digital object information  Most data can be automatically extracted from image files  Other data is constant and can be “batched” in

8. Cornell Metadata Working Group, 20 May 2005 NISO Components & Elements (1 of 2)  Basic Digital Object Information – Object identifier, file size, format designation, byte order, compression, fixity  Basic Image Information – Characteristics (image width & height, color space, color profile, etc) – Special format characteristics (JPEG2000, MrSID, djvu, etc.)

9. Cornell Metadata Working Group, 20 May 2005 NISO Components & Elements (2 of 2)  Image Capture – Source, capture (scanner and digital camera) information  Image Assessment – Spatial metrics (sampling frequency), Image color encoding (bits per sample, color map, primary chromaticities, etc), target data (type, id, external target, performance data)  Change History – Image processing (date, source, software), previous image metadata

10. Cornell Metadata Working Group, 20 May 2005 MIX  New schema in development – Library of Congress – www.loc.gov/standards/mix/  Version 1.0 status  Available once standard completes balloting

11. Cornell Metadata Working Group, 20 May 2005 Use the Data Dictionary To…  Capture Data – Capture data from image fileheaders – Capture data from policies  Manage Data – Build a Digital Asset Management Database – Evaluate a Digital Asset Management Database  Educate the vendor community – Streamline automated capture of technical metadata

12. Cornell Metadata Working Group, 20 May 2005 Automatic Exposure – an RLG initiative  Overarching goal: Economic implementation of NISO Z39.87 – Minimize the cost of technical metadata acquisition – Maximize the ability to ensure long-term access to digital images  Encouragement of standards & tools to support automated metadata harvesting  Identification of existing tools  Initiative supported by DLF and MCN

13. Cornell Metadata Working Group, 20 May 2005 Automatic Exposure investigations  Goals – Capture mechanism: a host for the metadata – Editing mechanism: a place to add metadata – Export mechanism: a way to transfer metadata from the file to a preservation database  Leveraging existing specifications – Available Metadata What technical metadata do we currently have access to? Mapping Z39.87 to TIFF, EXIF, JPEG 2000 (JPX) – Extraction Tools How can technical metadata be extracted for transfer into preservation databases?  Expanding to NISO Z39.87 – What mechanisms can we identify which could give us access to the extractable NISO Z39.87 elements?

14. Cornell Metadata Working Group, 20 May 2005 Automatic Exposure – Next Steps  Leveraging – “Scorecard” for Tools Communicate to community options for technical metadata extraction –RLG DigiNews October 2004 > Spotlight – Adobe XMP custom panel – JPEG 2000 revised mapping  Expanding to NISO Z39.87 – Keep communicating with industry – Ask you to exert pressure when you purchase!

15. Cornell Metadata Working Group, 20 May 2005 Getting at the Metadata: Leveraging Existing Tools  Viewing – A community standard: Adobe Photoshop CS  Extraction Tools – JHOVE – NLNZ Metadata Extract Tool  Mapping – TIFF – EXIF – JPEG 2000 (jpx metadata)

16. Cornell Metadata Working Group, 20 May 2005 Viewing Metadata: an example (1)

17. Cornell Metadata Working Group, 20 May 2005 Viewing Metadata: an example (2)

18. Cornell Metadata Working Group, 20 May 2005 Viewing Metadata: an example (2)

19. Cornell Metadata Working Group, 20 May 2005 Viewing Via Photoshop

20. Cornell Metadata Working Group, 20 May 2005 Leveraging Existing Technologies – Metadata Extraction Tools  Community based – JHOVE The JSTOR-Harvard Object Validation Environment – National Library of New Zealand “Metadata Extract Tool” – University of Basel extractor tool  Industry based – Adobe Extensible Metadata Platform (XMP) – Eastman Kodak Picture Metadata Toolkit

21. Cornell Metadata Working Group, 20 May 2005 Example 1: JHOVE RepresentationInformation: DSC00012.JPG ReportingModule: JPEG-hul, Rel. 1.0 (2004-06-23) LastModified: 2004-10-22 16:19:16 EDT Size: 154377 Format: JPEG Status: Well-formed and valid MIMEtype: image/jpeg JPEGMetadata: CompressionType: Huffman coding, Baseline DCT Images: Image: NisoImageMetadata: MIMEType: image/jpeg ByteOrder: big-endian CompressionScheme: JPEG ScannerManufacturer: MINOLTA ScannerModelName: Dimage V ImageWidth: 640 ImageLength: 480 BitsPerSample: 8 SamplesPerPixel: 3 Scans: 1 QuantizationTables: QuantizationTable: Precision: 8-bit DestinationIdentifier: 0 Exif: ExifVersion: 0100 FlashpixVersion: 0100 ComponentsConfiguration: 1, 2, 3, 0 CompressedBitsPerPixel: 2 DateTimeOriginal: 2004:03:30 12:54:14 DateTimeDigitized: 2004:03:30 12:54:14 ExposureProgram: unidentified MeteringMode: patern LightSource: unknown Flash: fired FocalPlaneResolutionUnit: inches FileSource: DSC SceneType: directly photographed image CustomRendered: normal FocalLengthIn35mmFilm: 0 SceneCaptureType: standard Saturation: normal Sharpness: normal SubjectDistanceRange: unknown ApplicationSegments: APP1

22. Cornell Metadata Working Group, 20 May 2005 Example 2: National Library of New Zealand

23. Cornell Metadata Working Group, 20 May 2005 NLNZ Tool (2 of 3)

24. Cornell Metadata Working Group, 20 May 2005 NLNZ Tool (3 of 3)

25. Cornell Metadata Working Group, 20 May 2005 Extracted NLNZ XML record

26. Cornell Metadata Working Group, 20 May 2005 Example 3: Adobe XMP  Open-Source specification for sharing metadata across applications  Extracts existing metadata (TIFF, EXIF, DIG35)  Embeds metadata as an XMP packet (XML)  Access for viewing / editing metadata – Adobe Photoshop File Info  Option to customize metadata set – Adding fields through a custom panel  Export metadata – Individual file: “Save” on File Info – Advanced Screen – Batch: Script and Droplet – Creates XML file

27. Cornell Metadata Working Group, 20 May 2005 Remember PhotoShop File Info?

28. Cornell Metadata Working Group, 20 May 2005 XMP: Script and Droplet

29. Cornell Metadata Working Group, 20 May 2005 NISO Z39.87-2005  The standard – With NISO for editing – Expected balloting by 1 July – 6 week ballot  Use of the standard – Harvesting tools – MIX / METS – Local metadata schema Cornell’s Use?.. Oya

30. Cornell Metadata Working Group, 20 May 2005