1. Highlights of TLUD Stove Development Worldwide in 2013 to January 2014 ( TLUD refers to “Top-Lit UpDraft” micro-gasification ) Juntos Energy Solutions, NFP Awamu Biomass Energy Ltd (Uganda) Paul S. Anderson PhD “Dr TLUD” ( Doc Tee-lud ) psanders@ilstu.edu A Presentation at 2014 ETHOS Conference Seattle-Kirkland, WA, USA 24-26 January 2014

2. Abstract The pace of development of TLUD micro-gasifier cookstoves has further increased during 2013. Highlighted are numerous devices, activities and results. Some are presented at the ETHOS conference. Classification of micro-gasifier stoves according to key variables – of significant features, emissions, specialty fuels, char production, natural or forced draft, materials and manufacturing, costs, marketing, etc. Major issues for TLUD stoves in 2014 are named.

3. Manual by Roth for GIZ (revision is in press) Micro-gasification: Cooking with Gas from Biomass Revision / up-date available probably in February 2014

4. Micro-gasification Terminology Document available at: www.drtlud.comwww.drtlud.com “TLUD” re-defined as a name, not an acronym, referring to small UpDraft processes and devices, as in “Tiny Little” UpDraft. Migratory Pyrolytic Front (MPF) is the essential distinguishing characteristic of Top-Lit UpDraft, therefore TLUD-MPF. After MPF ends, continuation of burning becomes TLUD-BB (Bottom Burning) – New fuel added on top of char is being “retorted” – Burning only charcoal is bad for stove & heat transfer

5. Stove Camps and Research TLUD technology featured at Stove Camp at Aprovecho in July 2013 and next week Kirk Harris (will make next presentation) Materials testing Issues of materials and weight of TLUD cookstoves: heavy vs. light weight TLUDs.

6. Awamu “Quad” (versions 2 & 3) TLUD-ND dimensions identical to the Mwoto “Classic” TLUD. 400 units produced. US$14 per stove. Flat Pack fabrication. Test results on Internet. Mainly “Tab & Slot” assembly, to be done near point of sale. Too difficult to produce sufficient quantities with adequate quality, even with jigs.

7. Troika TLUD (Russian word for 3) Successor to the Quad designs, to have ease of production. Prototype in USA in late 2013; taken to Uganda in January 2014 for African modifications and initial 5 units. Training and sample units taken from Uganda to Kenya and Tanzania in January 2014, where it is called Jiko Bingwa (Champion Stove, a name used since 2005 for this style of TLUD-ND).

8. Bingwa (Champion) TLUD Stove [A Troika design by Anderson] Combustor top similar to Quad. Three wooden legs joined by strong metal. Outer cylinder 700 mm circum. & 8.75 inch diameter = Quad size Inner fuel chambers of many sizes. Primary air control !!!!

9. Other TLUD-ND in Production Peko Pe: Zambia & Norway, at ETHOS by Jan Sorensen. Jiko Bomba: Tanzania. by Bjarne Laustsen. Intended to use with pellet fuel.

10. Other TLUD-ND in Production Gastov (3 models) by KIRDI = Kenya Industrial Research and Development Institute. Heavy stove; fuel chamber is lifted out to extinguish.

11. Other TLUD-ND in Production Maliaka Jiko (left) Kenya, by Wisdom stoves. This is an excellent TChar unit on a charcoal stove. Riziki TLUD-ND (right) by Wisdom. No riser because secondary air inlets are 10 cm below rim.

12. Other TLUD-ND in Production Estufa Finca: Costa Rica, by Seachar / Art Donnelly (presented at ETHOS 2014) TLUD stoves in China (some with FA): Silverfire units from China are sold in North America by Todd Albi, Eugene, Oregon. Others with presentation at ETHOS 2014.

13. Rice Husk TLUD-FA Devices Several presented at ETHOS 2014 and are a major topic at Aprovecho Open House next week: Alexis Belonio Paul Olivier HOS/Rua Troika

14. Lacking during 2013 Very little testing results reported. No or very little word from many that are known to be involved with TLUD work: – Colorado State University (large grant) – Companies that hold their information about possible work on TLUD topics (maybe none to report): (EnviroFit, Burn, WorldStove, Stove Tec., First Energy, Nurhuda Stoves, ).

15. Fuels Increasing interest in pellets/briquettes

16. TLUD Rental Program in Uganda. In very specific communities, women in groups (similar to micro-finance groups) with shared responsibility for payments of: – Stove rental of USD 0.33 per month – 500 grams of dry char per stove per day. (Company receives payment per KG, to be sequestered.) Stoves are maintained by company or project. Project already started in Uganda by Awamu. Presentation by Ted Redelmeier at ETHOS 2014.

17. Merry Go Round Large TLUDs for Biochar in Thailand

18. Awamu Institutional Stove 100 to 300 liter sizes (shown 150 L; second lip provides seal and handles.) Triple concentric air channel (with insulation under top and in outer gap, for heat transfer efficiency and cooler sides; chimney sustains draft.) Large TLUD-ND gasifier (Fuel container 40 cm Dia. x 36 cm H; 2 units provide continual heat; use smaller units for simmer.) Assembled on site (as fixed or portable) Price: Not yet decided. 100% Uganda-made.

19. On-going Debates Debate about how the quantities of produced char are included in the calculations of efficiencies. Debate about centralized and decentralized production of stoves, including TLUD models.

20. Major Issues for TLUD Stoves in 2014 Establishment of high usage of TLUD cookstoves in some communities. Lowering of costs of each stove. Materials and increased production Improvement of procedures for: – Ignition – Extinguishing each batch Design changes