1. Muscular System Functions Voluntary movement Forms some sphincters Protection of some organs Stabilization of some joints Posture Heat production

2. Muscular System Organs – Muscles

3. Muscular System Organs – Muscles (includes tendons and aponeuroses)

4. Structure of Skeletal Muscles – Muscle fibers

5. Structure of Skeletal Muscles – Muscle fibers

6. Structure of Skeletal Muscles – Muscle fibers Contractile units within:

7. Structure of Skeletal Muscles – Muscle fibers Contractile units within: – Sarcomeres

9. Structure of Skeletal Muscles – Muscle fibers Contractile units within: – Sarcomeres

10. Structure of Skeletal Muscles – Muscle fibers Contractile units within: – Sarcomeres – Sarcomeres linked end-to end

11. Structure of Skeletal Muscles – Muscle fibers Contractile units within: – Sarcomeres – Sarcomeres linked end-to end; form myofibrils

13. Muscle fibers bundled into fascicles

14. Fascicles bundled to form the muscle

15. Connective Tissue in Muscle

16. – Endomysium

17. Connective Tissue in Muscle – Endomysium – Perimysium

18. Connective Tissue in Muscle – Endomysium – Perimysium – Epimysium

20. How Muscles Create Movement at Joints – Muscles must cross joints – Insertion pulled towards origin

21. Fascicle Organization Parallel – Greatest range of motion

22. Fascicle Organization Parallel Pennate

23. Fascicle Organization Parallel Pennate – Strongest force of contraction

24. Fascicle Organization Parallel Pennate Convergent

25. Fascicle Organization Parallel Pennate Convergent – Greatest versatility

26. Fascicle Organization Parallel Pennate Convergent Circular

27. Muscle-Bone Lever Systems

28. F

29. F

30. R F

31. R F E Third-class lever Muscle-Bone Lever Systems

32. R F E Third-class lever Muscle-Bone Lever Systems

33. F E R Third-class lever

34. R F E

35. F E R

36. F E R Amplifies speed and distance at the expense of force

38. R F E Third-class lever Muscle-Bone Lever Systems

39. R F E Third-class lever Muscle-Bone Lever Systems

40. R F E Third-class lever Muscle-Bone Lever Systems

41. R F E Second-class lever Muscle-Bone Lever Systems

42. R F E First-class lever Muscle-Bone Lever Systems

43. Muscle Interaction Prime Mover – Muscle most responsible for an action e.g.: abduction of arm: deltoid

45. Muscle Interaction Synergistic muscles – Assists prime mover e.g.: supraspinatus assists deltoid in abduction

47. Muscle Interaction Fixator muscles – Holds bone of origin steady e.g.: serratus anterior holds deltoid’s bone of origin steady during abduction

49. Muscle Interaction Antagonistic muscles – Action opposite that of the prime mover e.g.: lats and pects adduct must not contract during abduction

50. Muscle names may indicate the direction of the muscle fibers (e.g., transversus abdominis, external oblique).

52. A muscle may be named according to its location (e.g., temporalis, tibialis anterior).

53. The size of the muscle may be indicated in the name (e.g., gluteus maximus, adductor Iongus).

54. Some muscles are named on the basis of shape (e.g., deltoid, serratus anterior). Muscles may be named after their origin and insertion (e.g., sternocleidomastoid).

55. A muscle may be named according to its location (e.g., temporalis, tibialis anterior). Muscles may be named for their number of origins (e.g., triceps brachii, quadriceps femoris).

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