1. Gender And Age Gender And Age An Introduction To Sociolinguistics

2. GENDER AND AGE CHAPTER : 7
Gender-exclusive speech differences: non-Western
communities
Gender-preferential speech features:
Social dialect research
Gender and social class
Explanation of woman’s linguistic behavior
Age-graded features of speech
Age and social dialect data
Age grading and language change

3. FL: “Desano” FL: “Tuyuka” “Desano” “Tuyuka” “Tuyuka”
Gender-exclusive speech differences:
non-Western communities
FL: “Desano”
FL: “Tuyuka”
“Desano”
“Tuyuka”
“Tuyuka”
Tayana
Tatyana's Husband 1

4. ≠ Gender-exclusive speech differences: non-Western communities WOMAN
(SPEAK)
WOMAN
MEN 2

5. Gender-exclusive speech differences: non-Western communitiesA B C D E F 3

6. [k3a’tsa] [kja’tsa] “BREAD” Gender-exclusive speech differences:
non-Western communities
MORPHOLOGY
[k3a’tsa]
[kja’tsa]
“BREAD” 4

7. Gender-exclusive speech differences:
non-Western communities
BISEXUAL

8. Add by suffixes or affixes Pronunciation or word-shape (morphology).
Gender-exclusive speech differences:
non-Western communities
Different Language
Add by suffixes or affixes
Pronunciation or word-shape (morphology).
Sample 1:
Japanese ;
Woman’s form Men’s form
Otoosan Oyaji = Father
Sample 2:
Yana ;
Woman’s form Men’s form
Ba Ba - na = Deer

9. (Gender-exclusive speech differences: non-Western communities)
It mean some forms are used only by woman
and other Are used only by men.
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10. = Gender-preferential speech features: Social dialect research
Western Community =

11. Frequencies Gender-preferential speech features:
Social dialect research
Western Community
Frequencies
SWIMMING
TYPING
Much : Ing
Fewer : In
Much : In
Fewer : Ing

12. = Gender-preferential speech features: Social dialect research
Western Community
SWIMMIN
TypIN
SWIMMIN
TypIN
SWIMMIN
TypIN
SWIMMING
TypiING
SWIMMIN
TypIN =
SWIMMING
TypiING
SWIMMIN
TypIN
SWIMMING
TypiING
SWIMMING
TypiING
SWIMMING
TypiING

13. Woman tend to use more of standard forms than men do
Gender-preferential speech features:
Social dialect research
Montreal, French = Men more often delete [I]
than woman.
Sydney = Men more often pronounce the initial
sound thing as [f] than woman.
Woman tend to use more of standard forms than men do
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14. Gender Social class
Men = Vernacular
Woman = Linguistics Form
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15. Explanations of woman’s linguistic behavior
The social status explanation
(Worked) = Standard form
(Not Worked) = Vernacular

16. Explanations of woman’s linguistic behavior
Woman’s rules as guardian of society’s values
Make Misbehavior
(TOLERATED)
Make Misbehavior
(QUICKLY CORRECTED)

17. Explanations of woman’s linguistic behavior
“Syntax”
“Morphology”

18. Explanations of woman’s linguistic behavior
Vernacular,
Relaxed,
Informal

19. Explanations of woman’s linguistic behavior
Subordinate groups must be polite

20. Explanations of woman’s linguistic behavior
Vernacular forms express machismo
(Macho Connotation of masculinity & toughness)
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21. Age-graded features of speech
Lower Pitch
(masculine)
Higher Pitch
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22. Age and social dialect data
More Standard
Vernacular
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23. Age grading and language change
Often
Seldom
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