1. Confined spaces Controlling hazards and minimizing risks

2. 2 Ways to control hazards and make confined spaces safer Barriers and signage Equipment upgrades or engineered controls Contract out confined space work

3. 3 Signage Sign tells workers to keep out Worker training — need to respect signage

4. 4 Signage must be: Clearly visible Well maintained

5. 5

6. 6

7. 7

8. 8

9. 9 Barrier – tanks

10. Equipment upgrades and engineered controls 10 Move equipment outside of the space or install a system that removes equipment (e.g., pumps, agitators) for servicing or repair Install clean-in-place systems Install augers to break up bridges in bins Relocate openings (e.g., on the side, rather than the top) and make the openings larger Install removable stairways into vaults or pits

11. 11 Manure pit

12. 12 Pump shed

13. 13 Milk tank

14. 14 Water treatment plant

15. 15 Compost truck

16. 16 Bins and silos

17. 17 Contracting out Contracting out delegates work to people with specialized training and equipment Contractors must have their own confined space entry program Employers must ensure contractors are competent to work in confined spaces and are following safe work procedures