1. Welcome RavenSat / ISS-Ka BOOM Northwest Indian College, Navajo Technical College, Fond du Lac Tribal Community College, Western Technical College, & Dan Hawk 1

2. Overview of Presentation Native American Perspective – Why partner with Tribal Governments Native Satellite Overview – SKC BisonSat & RavenSat RavenSat Payloads – 1 Carbon-mitigated Radiation – 2 Thermal Standoff (in the life) – 3 Ka-Band i.e. power beaming Questions 2

3. Overview of Presentation Native American Perspective – Why partner with Tribal Governments Native Satellite Overview – SKC BisonSat & RavenSat RavenSat Payloads – 1 Carbon-mitigated Radiation – 2 Thermal Standoff – 3 Ka-Band i.e. power beaming Questions 3

4. Native Americans in Space?? 4

5. Why Reservation & DOI Lands? 5 Resources?

6. Reservations 6 Gas, Oil, Coal Water, Mining, Forestry Treaty Rights

7. Both DOI and Indian Land 7

8. Overview of Presentation Native American Perspective – Why partner with Tribal Governments Native Satellite Overview – SKC BisonSat & RavenSat RavenSat Payloads – 1 Carbon-mitigated Radiation – 2 Thermal Standoff – 3 Ka-Band i.e. power beaming Questions 8

9. Native Sat Overview BisonSat Salish KootenaiRavenSat 1U Cubesat 9 Fall 2015 Launch 2 nd round CSLI

10. Overview of Presentation Native American Perspective – Why partner with Tribal Governments Native Satellite Overview – SKC BisonSat & RavenSat RavenSat Payloads – 1 Carbon-mitigated Radiation – 2 Thermal Standoff – 3 Ka-Band i.e. power beaming Questions 10

11. Idea? Detect, Discern, and Transfer Power 11

12. Ka BOOM Array 12

13. Big Picture? Detect, Discern, Calibrate, Ka- Band Power Transfer & ISS-XISP Demo.

14. Overview of Presentation Native American Perspective – Why partner with Tribal Governments Native Satellite Overview – SKC BisonSat & RavenSat RavenSat Payloads – 1 Carbon-mitigated Radiation – 2 Thermal Standoff – 3 Ka-Band i.e. power beaming – Western Tech Ground Ops Slides 23 & 24 Questions 14

15. Next Steps… Western Technical College Ground-Aerostat Testing

16. Tethered Aerostat Program Preliminary Design Review Western Aerostat Fliers Preliminary Design Review Western Technical College LSI’s: Jon Grotjahn, Travis Haugstad, Joel Nielsen Mentor: Dr. Mike LeDocq 3/21/2015

17. Tethered Aerostat Program Preliminary Design Review Mission Overview Jon Grotjahn and Joel Nielsen

18. Tethered Aerostat Program Preliminary Design Review Mission Statement: Our goal is to safely and reliably fly an aerostat and payload package to test and discover the application and limitations of Ka band power beaming technology.

19. Mission Overview Prove effectiveness of Ka band power beaming over a variety of distances Use to beam power to and from balloon Immediately benefits NASA as a way to provide power to satellites Eventually may benefit mankind as alternative energy distribution Tethered Aerostat Program Preliminary Design Review

20. Mission Overview: Mission Objectives Prove concept of Ka band power beaming Repeatable power transmission at variety of altitudes Power instrument package indefinitely Beam harvested power from aerostat to ground Determine efficiency over distance, time, and with varying atmospheric conditions Develop range of conditions where consistent measurable results can be achieved Understand limitations due to varying conditions Tethered Aerostat Program Preliminary Design Review

21. Mission Overview: Minimum Success Criteria Verify power transmission Determine distance limitations of power beam Power instrument payload Tethered Aerostat Program Preliminary Design Review

22. Mission Overview: Theory and Concepts Ka band covers 33.4-36.0 GHz Primarily used in vehicle speed detection and satellite communication XISP developing “beaming” power to small CubeSat from ISS Tethered Aerostat Program Preliminary Design Review 33.4-36.0 GHz Radar Frequency Bands X-band K-band Ka Band 10.5-10.55 GHz 24.05-24.5 GHz GHz

23. Ground Logging Laptop Ka Beaming Radar Generator + - 30V0V Variable DC Power Supply Base Unit Mission Overview: Concept of Operations AIM XTRA Ka Radar Antenna Aerostat

24. At 152.4m (500ft) 1) Ka band power transmission test 2) Switch to backup power 3) Collect data from all instruments 4) Hold altitude and run power efficiency tests Every 15.3 m (50ft) 1) Ka band power transmission test 2) Switch to backup power 3) Collect data from all instruments Pre-launch 1) Safety check 2) Arm payload 3) Instrument and communication test Mission Overview: Concept of Operations

25. Mission Overview: Expected Results Ka band power beaming successful, but ability to beam power could be lost between 15.3m and 152.4m Switching to backup power will be successful Successful collection of data from instrument payload Weather conditions likely to influence results Tethered Aerostat Program Preliminary Design Review

26. Tethered Aerostat Program Preliminary Design Review System Overview Travis Haugstad

27. Tethered Aerostat Program Preliminary Design Review System Level Block Diagram

28. Tethered Aerostat Program Preliminary Design Review System Design – Physical Model

29. Tethered Aerostat Program Preliminary Design Review System Design – Physical Model

30. System Concept of Operations Radar emitter Sends Ka radar signal to aerostat Radar detector on ground sends signal to laptop Antenna Array Converts Ka radar signal to voltage Voltage processed by receiver and sent to “dummy” load Voltage meter sends reading to AIM XTRA for transmission to logging computer Radar Detector Sensor circuitry produces 3V signal when radar is detected 3V signal sent to AIM XTRA for transmission to logging computer Kestrel Weather Station Self contained power supply Self contained data logging AIM XTRA Receives power from on-board power supply Receives data inputs from radar detector, radar antenna, solar energy sensor, and electrical power supply Tethered Aerostat Program Preliminary Design Review

31. Tethered Aerostat Program Preliminary Design Review Critical Interfaces Interface NameBrief DescriptionPotential Solution Ka transmitter/Antenna The theory of Ka power beaming has been tested and demonstrated. At this point, we do not have the already developed equipment secured. Extensive testing of Ka radar guns and antennas may be necessary to develop our own power beam. EPS/AX The electrical power supply (EPS) must supply the AIM XTRA (AX) and Arduino with 7.4 volts. Two pairs of 3.7V Lithium Ion batteries in a series aiding configuration. One will be charged while the other is powering the system. We will use the Arduino to control the charging. Radar detection/EPS We must detect if the payload is receiving Ka band signal using radar sensor from Cobra SPX 5500. We will use the electrical power system’s Arduino to pick up and analyze the data before being sent to the AIM XTRA. AX/Payload Deck The AIM XTRA will need to mount rigidly to the payload deck and will also need to be weather resistant to protect sensitive electrical components. Electric wrap or 3D printed case. Light intensity detector/AX Light intensity will need to be measured to further understand correlations to UV intensity and it’s effect on Ka band power beaming. General Tools DBTU1300 digital solar power meter provides digital output of light intensity used for measuring solar energy. Output could be sent directly to AIM XTRA for data transmission.

32. Tethered Aerostat Program Preliminary Design Review Requirement Verification Table: Ka radar Requirement Verification Method Description The Ka power beam must deliver 1 watt of power at a minimum distance of 15.3m DemonstrationPower analysis will be conducted on the ground in a controlled environment The beamed power must remain stable while power is dissipated through dummy load AnalysisThe power dissipated will be monitored by a current sensor connected to the dummy load and data sent to AIM XTRA for real time data logging The optimum rectenna will be mounted to the payload deck InspectionMock builds will verify this requirement The system shall be able to reproduce power transfer results with same test conditions TestThe system will be subjected to multiple test flights

33. Tethered Aerostat Program Preliminary Design Review Requirement Verification Table: EPS Requirement Verification Method Description The EPS will supply the components will adequate power. DemonstrationA power on test where everything is running well. The power supply design does not overload the payload with volts and current. AnalysisA system analysis with a volt ammeter. The full system shall fit on a single Aerostat payload deck and keep the weight to a minimum. InspectionVisual inspection and scale will verify this requirement. The electrical power system will maintain power indefinitely with the help of a solar panel. TestThe system will be subjected to a full power test for one day prior to launch.

34. Tethered Aerostat Program Preliminary Design Review Subsystem Design Ground System Jon Grotjahn and Joel Nielsen

35. Design Overview: Engineering Design Ground Equipment Radar gun and amplifier to produce Ka band radar waves to beam power to aerostat Radar detector and LED indicator to ensure radar waves are emitted Base station will receive data from AIM XTRA Laptop will log all data from base station Radar gun and detector will be powered by DC power supply Laptop will be powered by AC generator Base unit receives power via USB cable from Laptop Tethered Aerostat Program Preliminary Design Review

36. Tethered Aerostat Program Preliminary Design Review GND: Risk Matrix Consequence GND.RSK.2GND.RSK.1 GND.RSK.3 Possibility GND.RSK.1: Mission objectives aren’t met IF Ka power beam is not acquired or developed GND.RSK.2: Mission objectives aren’t met IF real time data logging is unsuccessful GND.RSK.3: Mission timeline delayed if Ka power beam is not supplied by XISP

37. Tethered Aerostat Program Preliminary Design Review Subsystem Design Electrical Power System Travis Haugstad

38. Tethered Aerostat Program Preliminary Design Review Electrical Power System: Block Diagram

39. Tethered Aerostat Program Preliminary Design Review EPS: Components Four 3.7 volt Lithium Ion batteries Two packs with 3.7 volts batteries wired in series for 7.4 volts 6 volt, 5.6 watt Solar Panel Arduino Uno D/C lithium charging control unit Optocouplers

40. Tethered Aerostat Program Preliminary Design Review EPS: Solar Panel 6V, 5.6W solar panel delivers required current for electrical system Charging of two 3.7V battery packages demands higher current Solar panel is weatherproof providing protection against water infiltration which could damage panels and other circuitry

41. Tethered Aerostat Program Preliminary Design Review EPS: Charge Controllers Converts power from solar panel to useable power to charge the lithium ion batteries Necessary to safely and accurately control charging of lithium ion batteries Dangerous when incorrectly charged

42. Tethered Aerostat Program Preliminary Design Review EPS: Lithium Ion Batteries Lithium ion provides resistance to battery “memory” which causes degradation in performance over time Switching between 2 battery packs for optimum power delivery does not allow battery to fully discharge Very high power to weight ratio to reduce payload weight

43. Tethered Aerostat Program Preliminary Design Review EPS: Arduino and Optocouplers Arduino controls charging and discharging of batteries Arduino provides data measurements for system power Optocouplers isolate Arduino and AIM XTRA from charging current Removes noise from charging current for electrically sensitive devices Protects Arduino and AIM XTRA from excessive current flow in the event of a fault in electrical system

44. Tethered Aerostat Program Preliminary Design Review EPS: Risk Matrix Consequence EPS.RSK.1 EPS.RSK.3 EPS.RSK.2 Possibility EPS.RSK.1: EPS will fail if a suitable charger cannot be obtained. EPS.RSK.2: Information loss if we do not have the correct electrical components. EPS.RSK.3: If EPS cannot support indefinite power, information will not be able to be transmitted.

45. Tethered Aerostat Program Preliminary Design Review Subsystem Design Ka Band Power Beam and Receiver Joel Nielsen

46. Power Beam Generation Block Diagram Ground Power Beam Generation Generator produces AC power AC to variable DC power supply which powers radar gun Radar signal detected at source and data logged Radar signal increased by microwave amplifier Antenna system on aerostat receives power beam Tethered Aerostat Program Preliminary Design Review Ka Power Beam Generation Generator Champion 3500W Inverter AC/DC Variable Power Supply Amplifier High Frequency Microwave Amplifier Source Radar Detection Sensor Laptop Data Logging Radar Gun Stalker ATR Ka Band Aerostat Antenna Interface

47. Radar Detection Block Diagram Radar Detection on Aerostat Radar receiver removed from vehicle radar detector Radar detector and digital circuitry powered by on board battery and 6V power supply Op-amp or JFET amplifier used to provide voltage gain Digital circuitry created to provide a 0V signal if no radar is detected, or 3V signal if radar is detected Digital signal sent to input of AIM XTRA to transmit to base station Tethered Aerostat Program Preliminary Design Review Radar Detection Radar Detector Sensor From Cobra SPX5500 Voltage Regulator 3V Zener Diode Voltage Regulator IC Amplifier Op-Amp JFET Amp AIM XTRA Transmits data to Base station Ground Interface Electrical Power System

48. Power Beam Conversion Block Diagram Antenna Power Receiver Fractal antenna array used to convert Ka band radar waves to voltage Antenna obtained from XISP Voltage converted and processed by receiver Voltage fed to resistor circuit to simulate linear load Voltage meter used to feed data to AIM XTRA to transmit data to base station Tethered Aerostat Program Preliminary Design Review Fractal Antenna Obtain from XISP Antenna Receiver Obtain from XISP Load Simulator Voltage divider Circuit Aim XTRA Transmits data to base station Power Beam Conversion Ground Interface Electrical Power System Voltmeter Direct connection to Aim XTRA input

49. Tethered Aerostat Program Preliminary Design Review Ka: Risk Matrix Consequence Ka.RSK2 Ka.RSK1 Ka.RSK.3 Possibility Ka.RSK1: Mission timeline delayed if XISP does not provide power beam and fractal antenna Ka.RSK.2: Mission objectives aren’t met IF power beaming cannot be produced Ka.RSK.3: If valid radar detector signal cannot be obtained, we will be unable to attribute lack of power to lack of signal

50. Tethered Aerostat Program Preliminary Design Review Subsystem Design Flight Data Collection, Transmission and Logging Jon Grotjahn

51. Flight Data Collection Block Diagram Tethered Aerostat Program Preliminary Design Review

52. Flight Data Logging Block Diagram Tethered Aerostat Program Preliminary Design Review

53. Data Logging: Flight Data Flight Computer AIM XTRA used to monitor altitude and strength/direction of earth’s magnetic field Data from radar detector, antenna power receiver, and light detector sent to AIM XTRA for transmission to base station Powered by EPS Tethered Aerostat Program Preliminary Design Review

54. Data Logging: Weather Conditions Weather Station Kestrel portable weather meter used to collect wind, pressure, humidity, and temperature Data stored on internal SD card of Kestrel Light intensity sensor mounted near fractal antenna will provide data to AIM XTRA for transmission to base station Tethered Aerostat Program Preliminary Design Review

55. Tethered Aerostat Program Preliminary Design Review FDC: Risk Matrix Consequence FDC.RSK.2 FDC.RSK.1 FDC.RSK.3 Possibility FDC.RSK.1: Mission objectives aren’t met IF AIM XTRA fails in-flight FDC.RSK.2: The AIM XTRA system can’t survive launch conditions, and the mission objectives aren’t met FDC.RSK.3: A strain will be put on the budget IF the system fails out of warranty

56. Tethered Aerostat Program Preliminary Design Review Test/Prototyping Plan Jon Grotjahn

57. Tethered Aerostat Program Preliminary Design Review Prototyping Plan Concern about power supply providing indefinite power for on board electronics Power Supply Radar Beam Radar Antenna AIM XTRA Software Concerns about acquiring radar gun from XISP Concerns about developing fractal antenna if one is not provided from XISP The software needs to be modified to accommodate additional inputs of varying levels Prototype this interface and verify the power requirements of equipment Contact Gary Barnhart, or develop alternative from parts Contact manufacturer about capabilities about software customization

58. Tethered Aerostat Program Preliminary Design Review Project Management Plan Joel Nielsen

59. Tethered Aerostat Program Preliminary Design Review Organizational Chart Faculty Mentor Dr. Michael LeDoqc Ka Band Team Lead Joel Nielsen Power System Team Lead Travis Haugstad Data Transfer, Build Team Lead Jon Grotjahn Software/Hardware ASI to be named Fabrication ASI to be named Battery Power ASI to be named Solar Power ASI to be named Radar Beaming ASI to be named Radar Reception ASI to be named Industry Mentor Gary Barnhart

60. Tethered Aerostat Program Preliminary Design Review Schedule What are the major milestones for your project? (i.e. when will things be prototyped?) CDR When will you begin procuring hardware? Start thinking all the way to the end of the project! Rough integration and testing schedule in the spring Etc, etc, etc Need team input

61. Tethered Aerostat Program Preliminary Design Review Budget ItemDescriptionSubsystem Unit PriceQuantity Total Cost GeneratorChampion 3,500WGround Power system $ 259.991 Radar DetectorCobra SPX5500Ka Payload $ 101.991 Circuit BoardBreadboardKa Payload $ 1.762 $ 3.52 AmplifierOp-amp (TLV2361)Ka Payload $ 0.991 Current Sensor1NA160 ICKa Payload $ 9.951 Radar GunStalker ATRKa Ground System $ 171.991 BatteryLi-Ion, 3.7V, 10400mAhEPS $ 33.594 $ 134.36 ControllerArduino UnoEPS $ 24.991 Solar Panel6V, 5.6WEPS $ 67.501 Charger ControllerUSB/DC/Solar Li-Ion ChargerEPS $ 17.502 $ 35.00 Current Sensor1NA160 ICEPS $ 9.952 $ 19.90 Circuit BoardBreadboardEPS $ 1.762 $ 3.52 Resistor KitAssorted resistor sizesEPS $ 10.001 Diodes1N4001 (10 pack)EPS $ 1.501 OptocouplerOptocoupler (need part #)EPS $ 2.004 $ 8.00 Zener DiodesZener (need part #)EPS $ 0.505 $ 2.50 Jumper Kit(need part #)EPS $ 2.901 AIM XTRA(need part #)FDC $ 325.001 AIM BASE receiver(need part #)FDC $ 125.001 Kestrel with Horus(need part #)FDC $ 729.001 General Tools Digital Solar MeterDBTU1300FDC $ 107.991 Total + 25% Margin $ 2682

62. Tethered Aerostat Program Preliminary Design Review Contact Matrix Team Member Last Name Team Member First Name Team RoleEmailPhone BeierJamesASIbeierj1@students.westerntc.edu(608) 498-7678 GrotjahnJonLSIjonpaulgrotjahn@gmail.com(507) 450-8257 HaugstadTravisLSIhaugstadt@students.westerntc.edu(507) 450-2802 LaPlanteBrianASIbrianllaplante@gmail.com(608) 863-5254 LeDocqMikeMentorledocqm@westerntc.edu(608) 797-4202 NielsenJoelLSInielsenj1@students.westerntc.edu(608) 792- 9705 RudyLandonASIrudyl@students.westerntc.edu(608) 797-6421 WagnerJoshASIgmporlock@gmail.com(608) 782-4575 WatsonNicolasASInicolasjwatson@gmail.com(608) 516-6810

63. Tethered Aerostat Program Preliminary Design Review Summarize your main action items to get done before CDR Issues, concerns, any questions Add info from team on Monday Conclusion