1. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu

2. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Noninfectious Diseases Chapter 18

3. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lesson 1 Disease and Disease Prevention Bellringer Explain the difference between infectious diseases and noninfectious diseases. Chapter 18

4. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lesson 1 Disease and Disease Prevention Objectives Explain what a noninfectious disease is. Explain the relationship between risk factors and noninfectious diseases. Identify three strategies for preventing noninfectious diseases. Chapter 18

5. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lesson 1 Disease and Disease Prevention Start Off Write How might you get a disease that cannot be passed from person to person? Chapter 18

6. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lesson 1 Disease and Disease Prevention Noninfectious Diseases and Injuries What Is a Noninfectious Disease? A noninfectious disease is a disease that is not caused by a virus or a living organism. Types of Noninfectious Diseases Noninfectious diseases include immune system disorders, diseases of organs or systems, and nutrition disorders. Chapter 18

7. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lesson 1 Disease and Disease Prevention Noninfectious Diseases and Risk Factors What Is a Risk Factor? Age, gender, race, and diet—are what doctors call risk factors. A risk factor is a characteristic or behavior that raises a person’s chances of getting a noninfectious disease. Risk Factors You Can Control There are some risk factors, such as how much food you eat, that you can control. And in some cases, the risk factors you can control are the most important ones. Chapter 18

8. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lesson 1 Disease and Disease Prevention Chapter 17

9. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lesson 1 Disease and Disease Prevention Preventing Noninfectious Diseases Safety Equipment Wearing a helmet when you ride your bicycle and wearing a seat belt when you ride in a car will prevent most injury-related diseases. Controlling Your Weight Obesity, or weighing at least 20 percent more than your recommended weight, is related to a variety of noninfectious diseases, including type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and high blood pressure. Chapter 18

10. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lesson 1 Disease and Disease Prevention Preventing Noninfectious Diseases continued Avoiding Tobacco Most cases of mouth and throat cancer can be prevented if people don’t smoke or chew tobacco. Avoiding Alcohol Liver diseases and other diseases can be prevented by not abusing alcohol. Chapter 18

11. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lesson 1 Disease and Disease Prevention Living with Noninfectious Diseases Treatment Most noninfectious diseases cannot be cured, but they can be treated. To treat a disease is to provide medical care to someone who has that disease. Controlling Disease Cancer, heart disease, and other noninfectious diseases can be controlled if they are discovered and treated properly. Chapter 18

12. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lesson 2 Hereditary Diseases Bellringer What physical characteristics do you have in common with your parents or your brothers and sisters? Chapter 18

13. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lesson 2 Hereditary Diseases Objectives Describe how genes are related to hereditary diseases. Give three examples of hereditary diseases. Chapter 18

14. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lesson 2 Hereditary Diseases Start Off Write What do genes do? Chapter 18

15. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lesson 2 Hereditary Diseases Genes and Hereditary Diseases What Is a Hereditary Disease? A hereditary disease is a disease caused by defective genes inherited by a child from one or both parents. What Do Genes Do? Genes control the activities of cells and determine a person’s physical characteristics. Chapter 18

16. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lesson 2 Hereditary Diseases Living with Hereditary Diseases Testing for Hereditary Diseases Because doctors are able to test for a number of hereditary diseases, they can often reduce the problems the disease might cause. Examples of Hereditary Diseases Down syndrome and cystic fibrosis, or CF, are two examples of hereditary diseases. Chapter 18

17. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lesson 2 Hereditary Diseases Chapter 18 Problems can be reduced if a disease is detected early.

18. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lesson 3 Metabolic and Nutritional Diseases Bellringer Briefly explain what you know about metabolism. Chapter 18

19. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lesson 3 Metabolic and Nutritional Diseases Objectives Describe how metabolism and nutrition are related to disease. Identify two examples of metabolic diseases. List two ways to prevent metabolic diseases. Chapter 18

20. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lesson 3 Metabolic and Nutritional Diseases Start Off Write Why is a healthy diet important in preventing noninfectious diseases? Chapter 18

21. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lesson 3 Metabolic and Nutritional Diseases Your Metabolism What Is Metabolism? Metabolism is the process by which the body converts the energy in food into energy the body can use. Nutrition and Metabolism Nutrition and diet are important to metabolism. Nutrition is the result of all the processes, including digestion and metabolism, by which your body takes in nutrients in food and uses the nutrients to maintain your health. Chapter 18

22. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lesson 3 Metabolic and Nutritional Diseases Praeventing Nutritional Diseases Malnutrition An improper or unhealthy diet may lead to malnutrition, which is poor nourishment caused by a lack of nutrients. Avoiding Nutritional Diseases Eat a nutritious and balanced diet. Avoid excess Calories found in foods such as fried food, large bottles of soda, candy, and cookies. Chapter 18

23. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lesson 4 Allergies and Autoimmune Diseases Bellringer List as many words as you can that begin with the prefix auto-. Chapter 18

24. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lesson 4 Allergies and Autoimmune Diseases Objectives Explain what it means to have an allergy. Describe two ways to treat allergies and autoimmune diseases. Chapter 18

25. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lesson 4 Allergies and Autoimmune Diseases Start Off Write What is the purpose of your immune system? Chapter 18

26. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lesson 4 Allergies and Autoimmune Diseases Being Allergic What Is an Allergy? An allergy is an overreaction of the immune system to something in the environment that is harmless to most people. What Is an Autoimmune Disease? An autoimmune disease is a disease in which a person’s immune system attacks certain cells, tissues, or organs of the body. Chapter 18

27. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lesson 4 Allergies and Autoimmune Diseases Living with Immune Reactions Treating Immune Reactions It is not possible to prevent allergies and autoimmune diseases totally. However, treatments for many of these diseases are available. Avoiding Allergens You can take steps to reduce allergy reactions. Always follow your doctor’s advice. Avoid things to which you know you are allergic. Chapter 18

28. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lesson 5 Cancer Bellringer List as many causes of cancer as you can. Chapter 18

29. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lesson 5 Cancer Objectives Explain how the growth of cancer cells is different from the growth of normal cells. Identify three ways to treat cancer. Chapter 18

30. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lesson 5 Cancer Start Off Write How do doctors treat cancer? Chapter 18

31. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lesson 5 Cancer What Is Cancer? Uncontrolled Cell Growth Cancer is a disease in which cells grow uncontrollably and invade and destroy healthy tissues. What Is a Tumor? A tumor is a mass of abnormal cells. Chapter 18

32. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lesson 5 Cancer Common Types of Cancer Cancerous Tissues Common types of cancer include: 1. Skin cancer 2. Lung cancer 3. Colon and rectal cancer 4. Leukemia 5. Lymphoma 6. Reproductive organ cancers Chapter 18

33. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lesson 5 Cancer Diagnosing and Treating Cancer Destroying Cancer Cells The following are three major cancer treatments: 1. Surgery 2. Chemotherapy 3. Radiation Chapter 18

34. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lesson 5 Cancer Chapter 18

35. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lesson 5 Cancer Preventing Cancer Abstain from Smoking Men who smoke are 22 times more likely to get lung cancer than men who don’t smoke. Avoid Direct Sunlight A leading cause of skin cancer is prolonged exposure to sunlight. Abstain from Drinking Other kinds of cancer are caused by alcohol abuse or by exposure to chemicals in the environment. Chapter 18

36. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lesson 6 Chemicals and Poisons Bellringer Draw a diagram that shows the locations of the rooms in your home. Label the locations where poisons may be located. Chapter 18

37. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lesson 6 Chemicals and Poisons Objectives Identify four possible sources of environmental poison. Describe how environmental poisons may cause disease. Chapter 18

38. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lesson 6 Chemicals and Poisons Start Off Write What do air pollution and cigarette smoke have in common? Chapter 18

39. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lesson 6 Chemicals and Poisons Exposure to Environmental Dangers What Is a Poison? A poison is something that causes illness or death on contact or if it is swallowed or inhaled. What Is a Toxin? A toxin is a poison produced by a living organism. Chapter 18

40. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lesson 6 Chemicals and Poisons Chapter 18 Some parts of the environment may be harmful.

41. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lesson 6 Chemicals and Poisons Diseases Caused by Environmental Poisons Environmental Poisons A wide variety of diseases are caused by environmental poisons such as: 1. Air pollution 2. Vinyl chloride 3. Lead Chapter 18

42. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lesson 7 Accidents and Injuries Bellringer List ways that you can protect yourself from accidents and injuries inside your home. Chapter 18

43. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lesson 7 Accidents and Injuries Objectives Explain how accidents and injuries may cause disease. Identify strategies to prevent accidents and minimize injuries. Chapter 18

44. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lesson 7 Accidents and Injuries Start Off Write How can you avoid serious injuries? Chapter 18

45. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lesson 7 Accidents and Injuries Diseases Caused by Injuries What Is an Accident? An accident is any unexpected event that causes damage, injury, or death. What Is a Traumatic Injury? A traumatic injury is an injury caused by physical force. Head injuries are a good example. Chapter 18

46. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lesson 7 Accidents and Injuries Chapter 18

47. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lesson 7 Accidents and Injuries Preventing Traumatic Injuries Tips to Stay Safe Follow a few simple rules and you can avoid most teen injuries: 1. Do not drink alcoholic beverages. 2. Do not play with guns. 3. Wear a well-fitting helmet and other safety gear when you ride a bicycle or skateboard. 4. Wear appropriate and well-fitting safety gear when you play a sport. 5. Learn CPR. 6. Wear a seatbelt. Chapter 18

48. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Click below to watch the Brain Food Video Quiz that accompanies this chapter. You may stop the video at any time by pressing the Esc key. Brain Food Video Quiz

49. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lesson 1 Disease and Disease Prevention Chapter 17

50. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lesson 2 Hereditary Diseases Chapter 18

51. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Lesson 6 Chemicals and Poisons Chapter 18

52. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “If you stand straight, do not fear a crooked shadow.” —Chinese Proverb

53. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “One falsehood spoils a thousand truths.” —African Proverb

54. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “A man cannot be comfortable without his own approval.” —Mark Twain

55. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Our reverence is good for nothing if it does not begin with self-respect.” —Oliver Wendell Holmes

56. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “When the character of a man is not clear to you, look at his friends.” —Japanese Proverb

57. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “What lies behind us and what lies before us are small matters compared to what lies within us.” —Ralph Waldo Emerson

58. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “A good name, like good will, is got by many actions and lost by one.” —Lord Jeffrey

59. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “To enjoy the things we ought and to hate the things we ought has the greatest bearing on excellence of character.” —Aristotle

60. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “He that respects himself is safe from others; He wears a coat of mail that none can pierce.” —Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

61. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “The reputation of a thousand years may be determined by the conduct of one hour.” —Japanese Proverb

62. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Dreams are the touchstones of our character.” —Henry David Thoreau

63. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “A man’s character is his fate.” —Heraclitus

64. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Character is that which reveals moral purpose, exposing the class of things a man chooses and avoids.” —Aristotle

65. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “What you do speaks so loud that I cannot hear what you say.” —Ralph Waldo Emerson

66. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Abstinence is the surety of temperance.” —Plato

67. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “This above all, to thine own self be true/And it must follow, as the night the day/ Thou canst not then be false to any man.” —William Shakespeare

68. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “No change of circumstances can repair a defect of character.” —Ralph Waldo Emerson

69. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Men acquire a particular quality by constantly acting a particular way... you become just by performing just actions, temperate by performing temperate actions, brave by performing brave actions.” —Aristotle

70. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “The way to gain a good reputation is to endeavor to be what you desire to appear.” —Socrates

71. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Do what you know and perception is converted into character.” —Ralph Waldo Emerson

72. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Rather fail with honor than succeed by fraud.” —Sophocles

73. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Character is higher than intellect.” —Ralph Waldo Emerson

74. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “To know what is right and not do it is the worst cowardice.” —Confucius

75. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “It takes less time to do a thing right, than it does to explain why you did it wrong.” —Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

76. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Nature magically suits a man to his fortunes, by making them the fruit of his character.” —Ralph Waldo Emerson

77. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “That soul that can be honest is the only perfect man.” —John Fletcher

78. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “One does evil enough when one does nothing good.” —German Proverb

79. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “There is no pillow so soft as a clear conscience.” —French Proverb

80. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Don't forget to love yourself.” —Soren Kierkegaard

81. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Character is the indelible mark that determines the only true value of all people and all their work.” —Orison Swett Marden

82. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “What we think or what we believe is, in the end, of little consequence. The only thing of consequence is what we do.” —John Ruskin

83. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Fame is vapor, popularity an accident, riches take wing, and only character endures.” —Horace Greeley

84. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “You can easily judge the character of a man by how he treats those who can do nothing for him.” —James D. Miles

85. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Right is right, even if everyone is against it; and wrong is wrong, even if everyone is for it.” —William Penn

86. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Our deeds determine us, as much as we determine our deeds.” —George Eliot

87. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Character is the result of two things: mental attitude and the way we spend our time.” —Elbert Hubbard

88. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “A man without character is like a ship without a rudder.” —Karl G. Maeser

89. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Character is much easier kept than recovered.” —Thomas Paine

90. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Character is power.” —Booker T. Washington

91. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “An individual step in character training is to put responsibility on the individual.” —Robert Baden-Powell

92. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Character is a by-product; it is produced in the great manufacture of daily duty.” —Woodrow T. Wilson