2. The Geography of Rome

4. Italy in 750 BCE

5. Influence of the Etruscans  Writing  Religion  The Arch

6. The Mythical Founding of Rome: Romulus & Remus

7. Decline of Greece The decline of Greece leads to the rise of Rome.The decline of Greece leads to the rise of Rome. Rome adopted:Rome adopted: –Greek art, philosophy, religion, & drama –They even took on a form of Greek democracy –The Republic What is a “republic”?What is a “republic”?

9. The Basic Unit of Society The familyThe family Large, close knitLarge, close knit Father = head of the householdFather = head of the household WomenWomen ChildrenChildren All of Rome shared the same family valuesAll of Rome shared the same family values Latin was the language spokenLatin was the language spoken –Romance Languages

10. Other Aspects of Society ReligionReligion –Nature gods; very similar to Greek mythology Zeus = JupiterZeus = Jupiter Hera = JunoHera = Juno Ares = MarsAres = Mars Poseidon = NeptunePoseidon = Neptune Aphrodite = VenusAphrodite = Venus

12. Social Classes in Rome Patricians = Latin NoblesPatricians = Latin Nobles Plebeians = Worker classPlebeians = Worker class Slaves = SlavesSlaves = Slaves Tribunes = protected the rights of the citizens of RomeTribunes = protected the rights of the citizens of Rome

13. Republican Government 2 Consuls – Chief Executives (Rulers of Rome) Senate – made the laws (Representative body for patricians ) Tribal Assembly (Representative body for plebeians )

14. The Twelve Tables, 450 BCE   Burden of proof   Innocent until proven guilty   Actions are punishable, thoughts are not

15. Roman Military All men who owned land were required to serveAll men who owned land were required to serve To hold office = 10 years of military serviceTo hold office = 10 years of military service Legion = 5,000 soldiersLegion = 5,000 soldiers Infantry = soldier on horsebackInfantry = soldier on horseback

16. Punic Wars The conflict between Rome and Carthage for control of the Mediterranean Sea. Three different wars Fought from 246-146 B.C.E.

17. Carthaginian Empire

18. 1 st Punic War Fought for control of SicilyFought for control of Sicily Carthagenian navy = hugeCarthagenian navy = huge Roman navy = “huge”erRoman navy = “huge”er Romans winRomans win Carthage agrees to pay an indemnity (damages) to Rome for losses in the fightingCarthage agrees to pay an indemnity (damages) to Rome for losses in the fighting

19. 2nd Punic War Hannibal tried to invade Rome – –Elephants – –Huge losses for Rome Roman counter attack from Gen. Scipio at Zama Rome wins – –Gain land in Spain, all of Carthage’s warships, and damages

20. Hannibal’s Route

21. 3rd Punic War Rome becomes vindictive Attacks Carthage and burns it to the ground 50,000 Carthagenians were sold into slavery Carthage becomes a province of Rome

22. Reform Leaders  Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus the poor should be given grain and small plots of free land. Military Reformer  Gaius Marius recruited an army from the poor and homeless. professional standing army.

23. PompeyPompey Civil War & Dictators Julius Caesar

24. Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BC The Die is Cast!

25. The First Triumvirate  Julius Caesar  Marcus Licinius Crassus  Gaius Magnus Pompey

26. Collapse of the Roman Republic The Punic Wars – –Brought wealth, but widened the gap between the rich & the poor. The Death of the Gracchus Brothers – –Attempted to help the poor by offering reforms – –They were resented by upper class Romans

27. Collapse of the Roman Republic Reign and Death of Julius Caesar – –1 st Triumvirate running smoothly – –Julius Caesar gained much respect and admiration – –J.C. would not disband his army – –Became dictator of Rome in 46 B.C.E. – –Marcus Brutus and Gaius Cassius with others murdered J.C. on March 14, 44 B.C.E. (the Ides of March)

28. Beware the Ides of March! 44 BCE

29. The Second Triumvirate Octavian Augustus A.K.A. Caesar Augustus Marc Antony falls in love with Cleopatra and commits suicide Marcus Lepidus

31. Octavian Augustus: Rome’s First Emperor

32. Life in the Roman Empire Augustus ushers in the Pax Romana (Roman Peace) – –207 years of little to no fighting This peace was maintained by the “5 Good Emperors” – –Each appointed his own successor – –Each helped to maintain the integrity of the empire

33. The First Roman Dynasty

34. Pax Romana : 2 7 BCE – 180 CE

35. The Five Good Emperors Nerva 96-98Nerva 96-98 Trajan 98-117Trajan 98-117 Hadrian 117-138Hadrian 117-138 Antoninus Pius 138-161Antoninus Pius 138-161 Marcus Aurelius 161-180Marcus Aurelius 161-180

36. The Roman Forum

37. Rome’s Early Road System

38. Roman Roads: The Appian Way

39. Imperial Roman Road System

40. Roman Aqueducts http://www.history.com/shows/mankind-the-story-of-all-of-us/videos/mankind-the- story-of-all-of-us-aqueducts?m=518971be8380b http://www.history.com/shows/mankind-the-story-of-all-of-us/videos/mankind-the- story-of-all-of-us-aqueducts?m=518971be8380b Roman Aqueducts http://www.history.com/shows/mankind-the-story-of-all-of-us/videos/mankind-the- story-of-all-of-us-aqueducts?m=518971be8380b http://www.history.com/shows/mankind-the-story-of-all-of-us/videos/mankind-the- story-of-all-of-us-aqueducts?m=518971be8380b

41. The Roman Coliseum

42. The Coliseum Interior

43. Circus Maximus

44. Three Bad Emperors Caligula 37-41Caligula 37-41 Nero 54-68 – Christian HaterNero 54-68 – Christian Hater Domitian 81-96Domitian 81-96 The damage caused by these “bad” emperors is an underlying cause of the fall of Rome.The damage caused by these “bad” emperors is an underlying cause of the fall of Rome.

45. The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire – 14 CE

46. The Rise of Christianity

47. Stressed the personal relationship between God and people Born out of Judaism Based on the teachings of Jesus Information on Jesus’ life can be found in the Christian Bible Heaven for those who believe and repent

48. St. Paul: Apostle to the Gentiles

49. How did Christianity spread and it’s effects Paul was the missionary to the Gentiles Peter was the 1 st Pope – –Rome was the capital to the church Roman rulers hated Christianity because it was seen as an opposition to Roman rule. Martyrs = people who die for the religion

50. The Spread of Christianity

51. Christianity grew because… Embraced all people – men, women, rich, and poor Gave hope to the powerless Appealed to those who were repelled by the richness of the Roman Empire Offered a personal relationship w/ loving God

52. Christianity grew because… promised of eternal life after from Jesus ( with Jesus ) Rome’s excellent roads encouraged the exchange of ideas Emperor Constantine approved Christianity as an emperor religion because he prayed for divine help in his battle to take over the Roman Empire. Emperor Theodosius - 380 C.E. - Christianity the official Roman Empire religion

53. Constantine: 312 - 337

54. Jewish Diaspora Forced dispersal of the Jews, which was caused by Roman intolerance and destruction of Jewish temples. Jews were driven from their homelands Became a nomadic people until the creation of the State of Israel in 1948 after WWII.

55. The Empire in Crisis: 3c

56. Diocletian Splits the Empire in Two: 294 CE

57. Constantinople: “The 2 nd Rome” (Founded in 330)

58. The Fall of the Roman Empire POLITICALLY POLITICALLY Military interference Civil war and unrest Division of empire Assassination of leaders Rulers spent tax money on their own pleasures, bankrupting the government

59. The Fall of the Roman Empire SOCIALLY SOCIALLY Disloyalty to the country Rich and poor dilemmas No interest in government Decline in morals and spirituality Disease spread, population declined

60. The Fall of the Roman Empire ECONOMICALLY ECONOMICALLY Inflation – drastic drop in the value of money Tax burdens Trade disruptions - by hostile tribes and pirates Poor harvest – farmlands were destroyed by warfare

61. Barbarian Invasions: 4 th & 5 th centuries

62. Attila the Hun: “The Scourge of God”

63. The Fall of the Roman Empire MILITARILY MILITARILY Germanic peoples invaded the Roman Empire because of the northern famines of Europe Decline in patriotism and loyalty among soldiers Recruiting of non-Roman citizens – mercenaries (foreign soldiers who fought for money Low funds for defense – huge amount of money spent on defense coupled with inflation Killing their leaders

64. Byzantium: The Eastern Roman Empire

65. The Split of the Roman Empire Diocletian slowed the decline of the empire by dividing it into east and west Diocletian retires and does not pick a successor = Civil War Constantine is the new emperor

66. The Byzantine Empire During the Reign of Justinian

67. The Byzantine Emperor Justinian

68. The Legacy of Rome  Republic Government  Roman Law  Latin Language  Roman Catholic Church  City Planning  Romanesque Architectural Style  Roman Engineering Aqueducts Aqueducts Sewage systems Sewage systems Dams Dams Cement Cement Arch Arch