1. Juvenile Offenders

2. Purpose What is the purpose of the JO system?

3. Differences Between the Adult and Juvenile Systems What are the most significant differences between the juvenile and adult CJ systems?

4. Why IS This? Belief that immaturity diminishes responsibility Punishment Unjustified Belief that young offenders are more amenable to TX

5. Why IS This? Belief that immaturity diminishes responsibility Punishment Unjustified Stabbing, 17X, Bent Knife, “You ell me..” Belief that young offenders are more amenable to TX

6. CBC Use

7. The Juvenile Justice System uses CBC programs more than the adult system.

8. Why IS That Unlike the adult system,

9. Similarity To Adult System Similar to the adult system,

10. Juvenile Probation Informal Probation Probation (AKA: Formal Probation)

11. Serious Crime Unfortunately, a small number of JOs commit the majority of serious juvenile crime.

12. JO Violence Why is JO violence increasing when crime as a whole is declining?

13. Does Crime Pay? It is not unusual for a smart, enterprising high school dropout to make $2,000 per week. When really smart, the car, home and other assets are in their significant other’s name.

14. Most Common Jo Crime What are the most common JO crimes?

15. JO Crime Generally JOs Commit: – 29% fo Serious Crime – 33% of Property Crime – 18% of Violent Crime

16. JOs and Drug TX Different from the adult system, JOs have the requirement for academic education.

17. Restitution and Community Service Restorative Justice Makes JO Feel Part of the Community Develops a Sense of Accomplishment Provides a Sense of Closure Develops a Sense of Responsibility

18. Restitution Problem Most JOs are unemployed.

19. Employment Impact On Crime Does JO employment impact crime?

20. Urban Delinquency And SA Males enter serious delinquency patterns from 3 behavioral pathways.

21. Urban Delinquency And SA Males enter serious delinquency patterns from 3 behavioral pathways. 1. Early Authority Conflict Prior to Age 12

22. Urban Delinquency And SA Males enter serious delinquency patterns from 3 behavioral pathways. 2. Covert Pathway

23. Urban Delinquency And SA Males enter serious delinquency patterns from 3 behavioral pathways. 3. Overt Pathway

24. Predicting Delinquency Can we gauge the likelihood of a JO engaging in serious delinquency?

25. High Correlates To JO Crime

26. Juvenile Court Juvenile cases are most often dealt with in Juvenile Court. Some cases, based on the seriousness of the offense, are referred directly to Circuit Court regardless of the JOs age.

27. VA Court System Overview General District Court Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court Circuit Court Court of Appeals Virginia Supreme Court

28. VA Court System Overview General District Court

29. VA Court System Overview Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court

30. VA Court System Overview Circuit Court

31. VA Court System Overview Court of Appeals

32. VA Court System Overview Supreme Court of Virginia

33. JO Processing Intake Detention Adjudication Disposition

34. JO Processing Intake (Initial Screening)

35. JO Processing Detention

36. JO Processing Adjudication

37. JO Processing Disposition

38. Community Alternatives to Detention Home Detention Similar to Pre-Trial Release Temporary Shelters Foster Care, Group Homes

39. School Related Problems Alternative Schools – Special Ed., Counseling Traditional Schools – Reduced Teaching Load, Probation-Like Supervision

40. Unique Programs Wilderness Programs – Opportunity for Success – Pride – Cooperation – Self-Worth, – Learn to Trust Others

41. Administration Can Be Local Or State Run Can Have Separate Intake and Supervision Duties

42. Caseloads What is the average juvenile system PO caseload?

43. Aftercare JO Aftercare (AKA: Juvenile Parole)

44. Re-Entry Programs Re-entry programs are needed. JOs have many of the same problems as adults. Problems are compounded by adolescence.

45. Juvenile Court Debate Should Juvenile Courts be restructured? Critics: Should Only Deal With Criminal Cases Impose Longer Sentences on Serious Offenders Supporters: Say Age Minimizes Culpability Say JOs Are More Amenable to TX

46. Effectiveness Does Juvenile probation work?

47. Criticisms Criticisms of the Juvenile Court System CBCs too often supplement rather than replace confinement (Net Widening). Functions to control rather than to therapeutically aid.

48. Future Trends Future Trends in Juvenile CBC