1. US Antarctic Program Antarctic Science (Scott Borg) Antarctic Infrastructure & Logistics (Brian Stone) Polar Environment, Health and Safety (Polly Penhale) George Blaisdell Operations Manager 3, 4 November 2011

2. Antarctic Science Artists & Writers Earth Sciences Glaciology Ocean & Atmospheric Sciences Organisms and Ecosystems Integrated Systems Aeronomy & Astrophysics Research

3. Antarctic Infrastructure & Logistics Science Support Marine Project Support Operations Logistics Information Systems (IT) Aviation Projects Facilities Polar Environment, Health & Safety Food & Water Safety Field Safety Training Waste & Hazardous Materials Handling Permitting Environmental Compliance Medical General & Industrial Health

4. Specialty Services in direct support of research Laboratory Technicians Divers Carpenters Marine Technicians Explosives Handlers Camp Manager Mountaineers & Field Safety Experts

5. Transportation & Equipment Operations Research Vessels (500 sea days/yr) Light Fixed-Wing Aircraft (700 mission/yr) Helicopter Operations (1500 hrs/yr) Ski-equipped Cargo Aircraft (375 mission/yr) Light Vehicle Fleet (wheeled & tracked; 150 pieces) Heavy Equipment (125 pieces) Traverse Platforms (4,000 mi/yr) Vehicle Maintenance Facility Drills, Coring Tools, Saws Icebreaking (30 days/yr)

6. Transportation & Equipment Operations Icebreaking POLAR STAR/SEA Up to 2007 KRASIN 2005-2006 ODEN 2007-2010 VLADIMIR IGNATYUK 2011

7. Supply Chain Purchasing Warehousing & Supply Cargo Movement (point of origin to field and back) Special Handling Systems (keep frozen, DNF, live samples) Passenger Movement (home to field and back) Inter-continental Ship & Aircraft Connections Intra-continental Aircraft and Surface Vehicle Connections

8. Utilities Power Production & Distribution (2.6MW sustained) Water Production & Distribution (80,000 gal/day) Heating and Air Conditioning (humidity, air quality) Waste Collection, Processing, Removal (5M lb/yr) IT/Comms Provision Fuels Procurement, Storage & Distribution (5.5M gal/yr) Waste Water Treatment

9. Conservation Full utilization Renewables Heater Generator 33% 85% 33% 0% 20% Total Electrical Demand 14,000 MWh (85% from 1,020,000 gal) (15% from wind) Total Heating Demand 111,700 MBTU (generator waste + 748,000 gal) McMurdo Power and Heat Fuel 100% Fuel Utilities

10. McMurdoSouth PolePalmerDenver Fuel ($ per gal) 3.6023.052.992.69 Water ($ per gal) 0.191.210.300.007 Electricity ($ per kW-hr) 0.351.460.350.10 Utilities Cost to Provide

11. Utilities Waste 16 Categories Recycled 15 Month Clock for Hazardous Waste Example Volumes: 750,000lb food 600,000lb ferrous metal 200,000lb cardboard 500,000lb hazardous 80,000lb “soup”

12. Utilities Waste Recycled: Glass Aluminum Mixed Paper Cardboard Plastic (Market dependent) Metals Wood Demo waste E-scrap (Regulated) Incinerated: Food Waste/ Soup (Regulated) Human Waste Land-filled: Non-Recyclables Paper Towels Processed/Disposed: Urine/Grey Water Processed/Regulated: Hazardous

13. Infrastructure Permanent Buildings Roads, Runways, Airfields, Helipad Construction & Maintenance Piers & Wharfs Fuel Tank Farms Temporary Structures Utilities Distribution Systems Antennas Communications Hardware

14. Life Support Food Provision & Meal Service Lodging Fire Protection Health Services Social Opportunities Basic Training (safety, environmental, survival)

15. Life Support Infrastructure Supply Chain Transportation & Equipment Utilities Research Specialty Services Research Support Pyramid

16. Reason for Presence Base Necessary to Support Presence Research Support Pyramid

17. Efficiency Improvements Allow Greater Angle of Repose Reason for Presence Base Necessary to Support Presence Research Support Pyramid

18. Added Demand for Presence Added Base to Support Added Demand Research Support Pyramid

19. Research Support Currency Mostly not a “buy by the pound” commodity Not a simple function of $$ Capacity

20. Major and Minor categories Capacity = “Resource Baskets” Major Beds, Flights, Water, Power, Fuel, Connectivity … Minor Tents, Food, Boats, Lumber, Light Vehicles… Research Support Currency

21. Capacity is a function of: Location Time of Year Lead Time Cost to Provide Cost and Capability to Expand Major or Minor

22. Research Support Level of Service Expeditionary Field Work (notes & samples) Preliminary Processing & Cursory Analysis Home Institution-Level Study Long-term Observations Follow-on Studies