2. Rizal Elementary School
MARNELYJANE P. ALBITE
MEEM
Rizal Elementary School
Tagum City Division
Tagum City
Philippines

3. “If you talk to a man in a language he understands that goes to his head. If you talk to him in his language that goes to his heart.”
-Nelson Mandela-

4. Efficiency of Mother Tongue Based-Multi Lingual Education (MTB-MLE) Approaches in Teaching Science

5. INTRODUCTION

6. While there are many factors involved in delivering quality basic education, language is clearly the key to communication and understanding in the classroom (Skutnab-Kangas 2000).
Instruction through a language that learners do not speak has been called “submersion” because it is analogous to holding learners under water without teaching them how to swim (Skutnab-Kangas 2000).

7. The K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum has been implemented for more than three years. One of its features is proficiency through language, the use of Mother Tongue- Based Multilingual Education. Thus, mother tongue shall be used as a medium of instruction (DepEd Order 31, s. 2012).
In Tagum City Division, teachers in Grade 3 are provided with learners’ material in Science that is in Sinugbuanong Binisaya version and instructed to bridge or translate some words in the learning material that is not common to children.

8. However, the teachers bridging style might be a factor that affects this pupils academic dilemma.
With this prevailing predicament, the researcher is encouraged to investigate on how efficient the MTB-MLE bridging approach of the teachers that will lead to the better academic performance of Grade 3 pupils in Science.

9. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

10. Many South African learners face language barriers in the classroom since they are not familiar in the language, thus they cannot perform well in the classroom (Owen-Smith, 2010).
Today, mother tongue education is applied in many countries, including Asia on the basis of reducing poor performance (Dumatog and Dekker, 2003).
According to Ashworth (1992), mother tongue is the language which the person acquires in early years and which normally becomes her natural instrument of thought and communication.

11. Results of 2003 Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMMS) conducted by the International Association for the Evaluation on Educational Achievements (IEA) where Philippines ranked 23rd out of 25 participating countries.
In line with the status of present education in multilingual society, the Department of Education is now on its command of improving the quality education among primary grades through DepEd Order 74, dated July 2009 which states “Institutionalizes Mother Tongue Based – Multilingual Education as a fundamental educational policy and program.”

12. RESEARCH QUESTIONS

13. Department of Education
UNIVERSITY OF
Department of Education
Tagum City Division
Statement of the Problem
The study attempted to answer the following questions:
What is the level of the pretest grades of Grade 3 students in Science in terms of :
1.1 Knowledge
1.2 Process
1.3 Understanding
1.4 Performance
2. What is the level of the posttest grades of Grade 3 students in Science in terms of:
2.1 Knowledge
2.2 Process
2.3 Understanding
2.4 Performance

14. Department of Education
UNIVERSITY OF
Department of Education
Tagum City Division
Is there a significant difference on the pretest grades of Grade 3 students in Science when analyzed by treatment?
Is there a significant difference on the posttest grades of Grade 3 students in Science when analyzed by treatment?
5. What Enhancement Program in teaching Science using MTB-MLE as off shoot of the study?

15. THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

16. Department of Education
UNIVERSITY OF
Department of Education
Tagum City Division
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
The study is anchored on the learning theory of Ivan Pavlov- the Classical Conditioning.
Educational Theory of Dekker, that children learn best from a familiar starting point and that learning should begin with what child knows and understands.

17. Department of Education
UNIVERSITY OF
Department of Education
Tagum City Division
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Independent Variables Output
Pretest Scores using
Sinugbuanong Binisaya
Bisaya version
Postest Scores using
Enhancement Program

18. METHODOLOGY AND DESIGN

19. Department of Education
UNIVERSITY OF
Department of Education
Tagum City Division
Research Design
The study employed the quasi-experimental design known as the pretest and posttest non-equivalent group design since only two groups were used in the study: the Experimental and Control groups.

20. Department of Education
UNIVERSITY OF
Department of Education
Tagum City Division
Statistical Treatment
Mean
Was used to measure the level of pretest and posttest grades of Grade 3 in Science.
T-test
Was used to determine the significance of the difference between the pretest and posttest grades of Grade 3 pupils in Science when analyzed by treatment.

21. Department of Education
UNIVERSITY OF
Department of Education
Tagum City Division

22. RESULTS AND FINDINGS

23. Department of Education
UNIVERSITY OF
Department of Education
Tagum City Division
Results and Findings: Table 1 Level of Pretest Grade of Grade 3 Pupils
Indicator
Standard Deviation
Mean
Description
Knowledge
81.94 AP
Process
88.80 P
Understanding
82.06
Performance
87.96
Overall Performance
85.58

24. Department of Education
UNIVERSITY OF
Department of Education
Tagum City Division
From the data, it can be noted that the over-all mean is which is proficient. This is because the medium of instruction used by the teacher in teaching Science is the Sinugbuanong Bisaya.

25. Department of Education
UNIVERSITY OF
Department of Education
Tagum City Division
Results and Findings: Table 2 Level of Posttest Grade of Grade 3 Pupils
Indicator
Standard Deviation
Mean
Description
Knowledge
90.36 A
Process
95.10
Understanding
83.88 AP
Performance
Overall Performance
91.08

26. Department of Education
UNIVERSITY OF
Department of Education
Tagum City Division
It can be noted that the overall mean of pupils result is advanced with a mean score of This indicates that the pupils who took the posttest have a high result in their score. This is due to the fact that Science subject in grade three is being taught in mother tongue and that the test is also constructed using the said language.

27. Department of Education
UNIVERSITY OF
Department of Education
Tagum City Division
Table 3 Significant Difference on the Pretest Grades of Grade 3 Pupils when Analyzed by Treatment
Indicator
F Value
P Value
.05
Ho Decision
Knowledge
.207
.651
Not Significant
Accept
Process
4.781
.034
Significant
Reject
Understanding
.095
.759
Performance
.278
.600
Overall Performance
.254
.616

28. Department of Education
UNIVERSITY OF
Department of Education
Tagum City Division
The overall performance has a p value of .616, which means that pretest grades when analyzed by treatment did not differ significantly.
Moreover, in teaching pupils to learn, language or the medium of instruction is very vital. Students will have a greater or better understanding of the lesson if lessons are presented in a language that is common to them.

29. Department of Education
UNIVERSITY OF
Department of Education
Tagum City Division
Table 4 Significant Difference on the Posttest Grades of Grade 3 Pupils when Analyzed by Treatment
Indicator
F Value
P Value
.05
Ho Decision
Knowledge
7.025
.011
Significant
Reject
Process
.359
.552
Not Significant
Accept
Understanding
.930
.340
Performance
15.254
.000
Overall Performance
6.617
.013

30. Department of Education
UNIVERSITY OF
Department of Education
Tagum City Division
The overall performance has a performance value of .013 lower than .05 degree of confidence set in this study. This result negates the acceptance of the null hypothesis set in this study.
Therefore, it can be concluded that the implementation of the treatment greatly affects the result of their scores in the posttest. These results also support the theory of Dekker on which this study is anchored.

31. CONCLUSIONS

32. Department of Education
UNIVERSITY OF
Department of Education
Tagum City Division
Conclusions Based on the findings of the study, the researcher arrived at the following conclusions: 1.The overall pretest grade of pupils in Science was proficient. 2.The overall posttest grade of pupils in Science was advanced. 3.Both methods used in the experimental and control group are good. This is due to the increased scores in the posttest as compared to the pretest.

33. Department of Education
UNIVERSITY OF
Department of Education
Tagum City Division
There was no significant difference on the pretest grades when analyzed by treatment.
5. There was significant difference on the posttest grades when analyzed by treatment. This means that the implemented treatment greatly affects the result of the study

34. RECOMMENDATIONS

35. Department of Education
UNIVERSITY OF
Department of Education
Tagum City Division
From the findings of this study, the following recommendations are herein listed:
Science teachers must improve their bridging approach in their teaching for effective delivery of the lesson.
Seminars and in-service training should be conducted in the division level regarding MTB-MLE Bridging Approaches in Teaching Science for uniformity of the words used in teaching Science.

36. Department of Education
UNIVERSITY OF
Department of Education
Tagum City Division
A new learner’s material (LM) in Grade 3 Science in full Bisaya version will be made and used by the teachers as to congruency of the lesson.
The proposed intervention program should be adopted and be implemented the soonest possible time in order to enhance the academic performance of the pupils, and
5. A similar study may be conducted covering a bigger number of respondents in another venue.

37. ACTION PLAN

38. Department of Education
UNIVERSITY OF
Department of Education
Tagum City Division

39. Department of Education
UNIVERSITY OF
Department of Education
Tagum City Division