1. DESALINATION TECHNOLOGY THERMAL MEMBRANE SOLAR TECHNICAL ECONOMICS ENVIRONMENTAL POLITICAL

3. Membrane separation processes (UF and RO) –Superior treatment –Relatively modest capital and operating costs Major obstacles –Permeate flux decline Concentration polarization Fouling –Temperature effects not well understood PERFORMANCE OF SPIRAL WOUND MEMBRANES

4. Figure 1 Concentration Polarization

5. Figure 2 i = n i = n-1 i = 2 J o (t)-decrease in pure water i = 1 permeability due to fouling Ja1Ja1 Ja2Ja2 J(t p )- flux decline due to concentration polarization tptp tctc permeation cleaning membrane life-time -t t JoJo J Time Solvent flux across membrane Flux Decline Due to Fouling

6. HUMIDIFICATION/ DEHUMIDIFICATION PROCESSES

7. SEAWATER GREENHOUSE FRESH WATER FROM SEA AND BRACKISH WATER CROP PRODUCTION COOL HOUSE ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY

8. Research Approach

15. AREAS FOR COLLABORATION Student Training Demonstration Seawater Greenhouse Seawater Greenhouse Condenser USDA/USDI RO membrane fouling Applied/Fundamental/Social/Environmental