1. Quantification of Oil Present in Corn Masa By-product Stream Amy Dee Schlechte Maitri Thakur

2. Agenda Introduction to Corn Masa Introduction to Corn Masa Project Objectives Project Objectives Procedure Procedure Results and Discussions Results and Discussions Conclusion Conclusion Future Recommendations Future Recommendations Questions Questions

3. Introduction to Corn Masa Corn is a Valuable Commodity Corn is a Valuable Commodity Starch, Cereal, Tortillas, etc…. Starch, Cereal, Tortillas, etc…. Corn Masa Processing (Nixtamalization) Corn Masa Processing (Nixtamalization) Grain Cooked with H 2 0 & Lime Grain Cooked with H 2 0 & Lime Steeped Steeped Separated Separated Cooked Grain Cooked Grain Steep Liquor Steep Liquor

4. Introduction Nutrient Loss in Steeping Liquid Nutrient Loss in Steeping Liquid Fiber, Ash, Minerals, Proteins, Oil Fiber, Ash, Minerals, Proteins, Oil Oil Extraction Methods Oil Extraction Methods Solvent Extraction using Hexane Solvent Extraction using Hexane Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) using CO 2 Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) using CO 2

5. Objectives Find a Suitable Method for Oil Extraction Find a Suitable Method for Oil Extraction Compare Solvent Extraction & Super Critical Fluid Extraction Methods Compare Solvent Extraction & Super Critical Fluid Extraction Methods Determine if Oil is Concentrated in High or Low Density Fraction of By-product Determine if Oil is Concentrated in High or Low Density Fraction of By-product

6. Procedure Obtained 2 Samples - Minsa Red Oak, Iowa Obtained 2 Samples - Minsa Red Oak, Iowa Dried Samples @ 50 o C for 7 Days Dried Samples @ 50 o C for 7 Days Performed Solvent Extraction & SFE Performed Solvent Extraction & SFE

7. Solvent Extraction Procedure Combined 25g Dried Masa w/ 75 ml Hexane Combined 25g Dried Masa w/ 75 ml Hexane Filtered & Replaced Solvent 3 Times/24 Hrs Filtered & Replaced Solvent 3 Times/24 Hrs Accumulated 1200ml of Solvent Accumulated 1200ml of Solvent Used Rotary Evaporator to Reclaim Oil from Solvent Used Rotary Evaporator to Reclaim Oil from Solvent

8. SFE Procedure Sample 2 Centrifuged @ 4400 RPM for 20 Minutes Sample 2 Centrifuged @ 4400 RPM for 20 Minutes High Density Fraction High Density Fraction Low Density Fraction Low Density Fraction SFE Performed using CO 2 SFE Performed using CO 2 5 Samples (2-3g each) 5 Samples (2-3g each) 2 Reps @ 42 min/cycle 2 Reps @ 42 min/cycle

9. SFE Process Supercritical conditions 8500 psi and 120 0 C Supercritical conditions 8500 psi and 120 0 C

10. Results & Discussion

11. Hexane Extraction Hexane Extraction Low Percentage Oil Collected Low Percentage Oil Collected Consistent Results Consistent Results Test Implications Test Implications Oil Still Contained Oil Still Contained Low Oil Content Low Oil Content

12. Results & Discussion Masa 1 High Density Low Density Masa 2 Hex Ext.

13. Results & Discussion SFE SFE Consistent Results From Duplicate Tests Consistent Results From Duplicate Tests Greater Yield than Solvent Extraction Greater Yield than Solvent Extraction Test Implications Test Implications Solvent Extraction + SFE = Higher Extractable Oil Solvent Extraction + SFE = Higher Extractable Oil Consistent Results Consistent Results High & Low Density Samples High & Low Density Samples Masa 1 & Masa 2 Masa 1 & Masa 2

14. Conclusions Low Overall Oil Content Low Overall Oil Content SFE vs. Solvent Extraction SFE vs. Solvent Extraction Synergistic Effects Synergistic Effects Equal Distribution of Oil Equal Distribution of Oil

15. Future Recommendations Use a Different Solvent (Methanol & Chloroform) Use a Different Solvent (Methanol & Chloroform) Perform Solvent Extraction with different ratios of Sample to Solvent Perform Solvent Extraction with different ratios of Sample to Solvent Perform Additional Tests With High and Low Density Fractions Perform Additional Tests With High and Low Density Fractions

16. Questions??