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Matthew Wysocki Oak Ridge National Laboratory August 13, 2012 Cold Nuclear Matter Effects in S T R O N G E R T H A N E X P E C T E D.

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Presentation on theme: "Matthew Wysocki Oak Ridge National Laboratory August 13, 2012 Cold Nuclear Matter Effects in S T R O N G E R T H A N E X P E C T E D."— Presentation transcript:

1 Matthew Wysocki Oak Ridge National Laboratory August 13, 2012 Cold Nuclear Matter Effects in S T R O N G E R T H A N E X P E C T E D

2 Introduction d+Au collisions at RHIC allow us to measure cold nuclear matter (CNM) effects without additional effects from a hot medium. PHENIX recorded d+Au collisions in 2003 and higher statistics in 2008. The effects we’re interested in measuring include: 1. Shadowing of parton distributions 2. Cronin enhancement at moderate p T 3. Nuclear break-up of heavy quarkonia 4. And possibly more… 8/13/122M. Wysocki - QM2012 - Washington DC

3 Nuclear Shadowing 8/13/123 Parton distribution functions in nuclei deviate from those in nucleons. Enhancement/suppression varies with x,Q 2. Possibly gluon saturation/CGC effects at very low x, not crystal clear from the data-theory comparisons. Nuclear PDFs are available that incorporate shadowing effects. EPS09 is one example, as well as EKS98, nDSg, and others. EPS09 provides multiple variations of the PDFs so that an uncertainty band can be calculated. EPS09s recently released with b-dependence, see arxiv:1205.5359 M. Wysocki - QM2012 - Washington DC cartoon

4 Cronin Enhancement 8/13/124 Enhancement of hadron production in heavy ion collisions Usually modeled as multiple scattering of the incoming parton on the nucleus. Most models don’t have any PID dependence… However, measured enhancement is larger for protons than pions/kaons. Originally thought to be due to steeper p T spectrum of protons and that it would go away at higher energies. But proton enhancement is still much larger at RHIC energies! M. Wysocki - QM2012 - Washington DC ++ K+K+ p

5 Published PHENIX Results To remind people what has been published since last QM: 8/13/125M. Wysocki - QM2012 - Washington DC Phys Rev Lett 107 (2011), 172301 Phys Rev Lett 107 (2011), 142301 Strong suppression at low x Au in central d+Au

6 R dA of Identified Hadrons 8/13/126M. Wysocki - QM2012 - Washington DC Mesons follow similar trend w/ p T in all centralities. Cronin enhancement at moderate p T ? Or nPDF moving through antishadowing region into EMC region? Proton enhancement still not explained by Cronin or shadowing models.  R. Hwa, et al. reproduced R CP using recombination of shower + thermal(?) partons (nucl-th/0404066).

7 New Results New and recent results that I’ll discuss today include:  0 Reconstructed jets Electrons from heavy flavor decays J/   ´ PHENIX has our most comprehensive set of CNM measurements to date using Run 8 data. But can we understand it all? 8/13/127M. Wysocki - QM2012 - Washington DC

8  0 R dA by centrality 8/13/128M. Wysocki - QM2012 - Washington DC New  0 R dA from Run 8! Better statistics than Run 3  Extends p T reach by 5 GeV/c  Better constraint for nPDFs Peripheral is most enhanced Central consistent with no modification at p T > 2 GeV/c How do we understand this? Competing nuclear effects? New Result

9  0 R dA by centrality 8/13/129M. Wysocki - QM2012 - Washington DC (Very basic) shadowing calculation uses EPS09 PDF modification* + Glauber MC + PYTHIA (x,Q 2 ) sampling for  0. Shadowing effects match reasonably well within the global scale uncertainties in central events (where modification is weak), but is not compatible with the p T shape in peripheral. * nPDF modification assumed to scale linearly with longitudinal nuclear thickness. p T (GeV/c) See talk by Baldo Sahlmueller Parallel Session 3D

10 Reconstructed Jets 8/13/1210 Jets reconstructed using Gaussian filter algorithm. Same algorithm used in Run 5 Cu+Cu and p+p analyses Higher p T reach than  0 s Enhancement in peripheral, suppression in central, sound familiar? M. Wysocki - QM2012 - Washington DC New Result

11 Comparison to  0 R dA 8/13/1211M. Wysocki - QM2012 - Washington DC Good agreement within uncertainties, and given the difference in observables.  0 and jets of same p T sample slightly different parton scales, but let’s overlay them anyways…

12 Comparison to shadowing calculation 8/13/1212M. Wysocki - QM2012 - Washington DC Use the same shadowing (EPS09) + Glauber MC model as before… Moving from antishadowing region in x of the Au nucleus  EMC effect. Peripheral is falling with p T, in contrast with the data.  Additional physics… Cronin? Central is also falling with p T, the data are roughly flat here but also suppressed. ~ 0.3 ~ 0.2 cartoon See Plenary IIA talk by Mike McCumber and poster by Dennis Perepelitsa

13 Heavy Flavor Electrons 8/13/1213 Single electrons from heavy flavor semi-leptonic decays Enhancement at intermediate p T  Cronin-like k T scattering? No evidence of suppression  Au+Au effect entirely HNM? Detector configuration prevented measurement below p T ~0.8 GeV/c M. Wysocki - QM2012 - Washington DC New Result arXiv:1208.1293, submitted to PRL

14 Comparison to EPS09 calculation 8/13/12M. Wysocki - QM2012 - Washington DC14 Single electrons from heavy flavor semi-leptonic decays Enhancement at intermediate p T  Cronin-like k T scattering? No evidence of suppression  Au+Au effect entirely HNM? Detector configuration prevented measurement below p T ~0.8 GeV/c Shadowing-only calculation is able to reproduce the peripheral modification, but not central (not even qualitatively).  Opposite of  0 case  Need additional physics See poster by Matt Durham arXiv:1208.1293, submitted to PRL ~ 0.1

15 Charmonia in CNM Still have shadowing, Cronin enhancement. Additional effect due to size of c-cbar bound state: break up due to interactions in nucleus. 8/13/1215M. Wysocki - QM2012 - Washington DC Included as  br, which decreases with sqrt(s NN ). Behavior with rapidity/p T not clear.

16 J/  in CNM 8/13/1216M. Wysocki - QM2012 - Washington DC arxiv:1010.1246 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 (2011) 142301 J/  are suppressed at all rapidities, in all centralities. Model using shadowing (EPS09) +  br Qualitatively matches what we see, but cannot simultaneously capture the rapidity and centrality dependence. Au d

17 J/  vs. p T (0-100% centrality) 8/13/1217 arXiv:1204.0777, submitted to Phys Rev C R dAu rises out to p T ~5 GeV/c at all rapidities. Largest disagreement with models is at backward rapidity. Shadowing +  br model (no Cronin) does not match the qualitative trend. Model by Kopeliovich et al. includes Cronin and  br prediction, qualitatively matches the p T shape. M. Wysocki - QM2012 - Washington DC Au d

18 J/  vs. p T (peripheral and central) 8/13/12M. Wysocki - QM2012 - Washington DC18 Au d Weak modification in peripheral; shadowing reproduces fairly well, except to strong at forward rapidity Stronger modification in central; shadowing alone cannot reproduce the trend Backward rapidity: high p T  EMC effect suppression Need Cronin-like scattering or some other physics! See Parallel 1D talk by Darren McGlinchey -2.2 < y < -1.2 |y| < 0.35 1.2 < y < 2.2

19  ’ at midrapidity 8/13/12M. Wysocki - QM2012 - Washington DC19 Consistent with zero in most central collisions!  ’/(J/  ) in p+p = 2.1 ± 0.5% New Result

20  ’ at midrapidity 8/13/1220M. Wysocki - QM2012 - Washington DC Consistent with zero in most central bin Completely different from J/  case  J/  also includes  ’ feed-down. Shadowing/Cronin should be the same…  Different break-up cross sections?  ’ has a radius ~twice the size of J/ , so isn’t this what we expect? New Result

21  ’ / J/  ratio should be unity when the time in nucleus < formation time. Curve is a model calculation based on NA50 and E866 data. J/  or  ’ cc 8/13/1221M. Wysocki - QM2012 - Washington DC New PHENIX data is completely at odds with this picture See Parallel 1D talk by Darren McGlinchey

22 A+A  QGP Implications 8/13/12M. Wysocki - QM2012 - Washington DC22 Impossible to use charmonia (even bottomonia?) as a QGP thermometer without calibrating the CNM suppression first! We are going to need: 1.Precision charmonia and upsilon measurements in p+A at the LHC and d+A with sPHENIX at RHIC. 2.Precision models to extrapolate CNM measurements to A+A.

23 Summary 8/13/1223M. Wysocki - QM2012 - Washington DC PHENIX has a comprehensive set of d+Au measurements available. Plenty for theorists to chew on! Many interesting effects! 00 jets Electrons from HF J/  00 jets Electrons from HF J/   ’  is strongly suppressed in central collisions, in contrast with J/ .

24 Matthew Wysocki Oak Ridge National Laboratory August 13, 2012 Cold Nuclear Matter Effects in S T R A N G E R T H A N E X P E C T E D

25 Backup 8/13/12M. Wysocki - QM2012 - Washington DC25

26 (in)conclusions 8/13/12M. Wysocki - QM2012 - Washington DC26 Some results are explained reasonably well by shadowing/Cronin enhancement, but many are not. -Proton enhancement not explained by traditional Cronin models. In particular: R dA vs. p T for peripheral  0 and jets, and central HF electrons and J/  are not reproduced by the current models.  ’  suppression not understood within current charmonia picture. LHC p+A measurements of heavy quarkonia will be a necessity Centrality/geometric dependence of modification not understood. Still a lot of mystery in CNM effects at RHIC! MPC-EX and sPHENIX upgrades will provide even better constraints down the road, but the current data already presents a strong challenge to theoretical models.

27 8/13/12M. Wysocki - QM2012 - Washington DC27

28 8/13/12M. Wysocki - QM2012 - Washington DC28

29  0 R dA 8/13/1229 New  0 R dA from Run 8! Better statistics than Run 3  Extends p T reach by 5 GeV/c Better constraint for nPDFs Larger correlated systematics b/c p+p is from different year. Some enhancement p T > 2 GeV/c Anti-shadowing? Cronin initial-state scattering? M. Wysocki - QM2012 - Washington DC See talk by Baldo Sahlmueller Parallel Session 3D New Result

30 8/13/12M. Wysocki - QM2012 - Washington DC30 60-88% 0-20% PHENIX Preliminary

31 8-14-2012D McGlinchey - QM201231 Mass Plot 0-20%

32 8-14-2012D McGlinchey - QM201232 Mass Plot 0-20%

33 8/13/1233M. Wysocki - QM2012 - Washington DC Summary PHENIX has a comprehensive set of d+Au measurements available. Plenty for theorists to chew on! New results include: 00 jets Electrons from HF J/ 

34 8/13/12M. Wysocki - QM2012 - Washington DC34

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