1. Making A Connection: Dental Health and Disease Adapted from: C. Nathe, Dental Public Health: Contemporary Practice of the Dental Hygienist, 2 nd Edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall 2005.

2. Introduction Dental Hygiene and the Medical Sciences Prevention of Diseases The Mouth As the Mirror of the Body Making the Connection…

3. History of Our Relationships Dentistry Dental Hygiene Dr. Alfred Fones goes one step further.

4. History of Dental Disease and General Health Hippocrates: Infections of dental origin may be accompanied by serious systemic symptoms. U.S. Surgeon General 2000: Change perceptions regarding oral health and ideas so that oral health becomes an accepted component of general health.

5. Dr. Alfred Fones and the Dental Hygiene Movement It is no longer a theory that the service of the dental hygienist will improve the mouth health and general health of all whom she is permitted to serve.

6. Dental Hygiene’s Acceptance Hundreds of millions of dollars in public and private funds are expended to restore the sick to health, but only a relatively small portion of this amount is spent to maintain the health of well people even though it is definitely known that the most common physical defects and illnesses are preventable. (1916 – Dr. Alfred Fones)

7. Oral Health in America: A Report of the Surgeon General Oral diseases affect health and well-being. Safe and effective measures exist to prevent the most common diseases.

8. Surgeon General’s Report Lifestyle behaviors Oral health disparities More information is needed.

9. Surgeon General’s Report The mouth reflects general health and well-being.

10. Surgeon General’s Report Oral disease and conditions are associated with other health problems. Scientific research is the key.

11. Prevention: The Proven Effective Intervention Dental hygiene at an early age – before birth Early Head Start and Head Start Programs Dental hygiene integrations

12. Infections of the Oral Cavity Dental caries and periodontal diseases

13. Immune Response to Dental Infection Immune System responds to dental infections as it would to other body infections.

14. Inflammatory Response Inflammatory response to a typical gum infection

15. Pregnancy Outcomes Patients with periodontal disease have an increased risk of preterm births.

16. Pregnancy Outcomes Periodontal disease in the mother increases the risk of low-birth- weight babies.

17. Diabetes and Gum Disease

18. Cardiovascular Diseases and Dental Diseases Increased risk of cardiovascular diseases

19. Strokes and Oral Infections Relationship between strokes and oral infections

20. Arthritis and Oral Infections Arthritis and its relationship

21. Oral Infections and Respiratory Diseases Oral transmission of infections

22. Cancer and Oral Infections Interrelationships

23. Osteoporosis

24. Infective Endocarditis Oral infection Premedication

25. HIV Infection Oral Manifestations Candidiasis Kaposi’s Sarcoma White Hairy Leukoplakia

26. HIV Infection Periodontal Disease Dental Cleaning Research

27. Other Relationships Sgogren’s Syndrome Xerostomia

28. Medication Interaction Oral Manifestations

29. Summary Dental Hygiene and the Medical Sciences Prevention of Diseases The Mouth As the Mirror of the Body Making the Connection