2. Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton Forensic Anthropology

3. Parts of the Skeletal System Axial skeleton –Skull, vertebral column, ribs Appendicular skeleton –Upper & lower limb bones, pectoral & pelvic girdles

5. Clavicle

6. Scapula

7. Costals (Ribs)

8. Sternum

9. Thoracic Cage True ribs (pairs 1 – 7) False ribs (pairs 8 – 12) Floating ribs (pairs 11 – 12) Parts of Sternum: Manubrium Body Xiphoid Process

10. Vertebra

11. Humerus

12. Ulna

13. Radius

14. Sternum Clavicle Scapula Costals (Ribs) Humerus Vertebra Ulna Radius

16. Sacrum

17. Sacrum & Coccyx

18. Ilium

19. Ischium

20. Pubis

21. 1. Sacrum 8. Coccyx 2. Ilium 3. Ischiuim 4. Pubis6. Acetabulum 7. Obturator Foramen

22. Femur

23. Patella

24. Tibia

25. Fibula

26. Ilium Ischium Femur Fibula Sacrum Pubis Patella Tibia

27. Bones of the Hand

28. Carpels Bones of the Hand

29. Metacarpels Carpels Bones of the Hand

30. Phalanges Metacarpels Carpels Bones of the Hand

31. Bones of the Foot

32. Tarsals

33. Bones of the Foot Metatarsals Tarsals

34. Bones of the Foot Phalanges Metatarsals Tarsals

35. FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY The Tales that Bones Tell

36. Forensic Anthropology = Analysis of skeletal remains within a legal investigation Physical anthropologist = osteologist Training = BS physical anthropology MS osteology

37. Biological Identity (who was it?) Age Sex Previous injuries Cause of death Race Stature/weight

38. Approximate Age? IN CHILDREN: The cranium is much larger in relation to the face and mandible The mandible and maxilla become larger as permanent molars begin to erupt Child 4 years old

39. Fusing of Skull Appearance of sutures can give approximate age In infants there are large gaps which close slowly over time

40. Head of Femur: 19 – 20 years Part of hip: 24 years Female bones stop growing in length usually 1-2 years before male bones Epiphyseal Fusion

41. Other factors telling about age Bone density - drops after 40 Pelvic joint morphology- ridge detail wears out over time Dental changes

42. Skull & pelvis are the two most sexually dimorphic areas

44. Appendicular Skeleton Activity Excellent site to study: http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/skeletalsyst em/skeleton/menu/menu.html