1. CO 2 Reduction Measures in Freight Sector in Japan by Shinji NAKAGAWA Ministry of Transport Japan

2. Trends & outlooks of CO 2 emissions (unit: Mt-C)

3. Measures in transport sector

4. CO 2 emissions from individual modes of transport in Japan (FY1995)

5. Mode share in freight sector (in ton-km base)

6. Mode share in freight sector (in energy consumption base)

7. CO 2 emission units (g-C/ton-km)

8. Characteristics of freight transport in Japan Large share of coastal shipping Concentration of international container freight at 3 area ( Tokyo, Ise and Osaka Bays ) Large number of private trucks (~ 87% of 1 million units) –shorter transport distance, lower load factor Large number of small-sized trucking company (~70% of 50,000 )

9. Basic concept in CO 2 reduction from freight transport modal shift from trucks to rail and shipping improvement of energy intensity in each mode of freight transport –improvement in technical efficiency –reduction of inland transport distance of international container freight –improvement of loading factor of each truck –increase the use of trailer and larger trucks

10. Promotion of modal shift Increase the share of rail and shipping freight for medium-to- ling distance (longer than 500 km) general cargo transport from 40% to 50% –support to upgrade facilities for major rail trunk lines –support to construct coastal container ships and roll-on/roll-off ships –construction of domestic trade terminal with sufficient freight yard and parking spaces for complex integral transport and access roads

11. Reduction of inland transport distance of int. container freight Only 10% of container freight produced and consumed in regional districts (~ 40% of national total) is handled nearby ports; long-distance transport by trucks from 3 major ports in Tokyo, Ise and Osaka –construction of 8 subsidiary gate-way ports with high-standard container terminals

12. Increase in truck load factor Improvement of truck load factor from current 47% to 50% –switching to trucking company vehicles privately owned trucks have low load factor, empty load in their return trip –joint delivery and joint transport truck terminals joint delivery centers –utilization of Intelligent Transport System (ITS)

13. Increase the use of trailer and larger trucks Increase loading of each truck –deregulation of gross vehicle weight heavy duty trucks: 20t  25t semi-trailers : 20t  28t ISO-standard 40-ft or 20-ft trailers –construction of chassis pools –upgrading of bridges and roads

14. Future actions development of methods to monitor and quantify the progress of each measure support for the improvement of infrastructure, especially to facilitate the use of state-of-the-art information system consideration of other optional measures to achieve the current and future, possibly stricter, reduction targets