1. Use of Spiritual Healing Therapy in Relation to Race and Ethnicity Catherine Simile, Ph.D. and Hanyu Ni, Ph.D. Division of Health Interview Statistics National Center for Health Statistics

2. Background Increasing trend in the use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) Overall users tend to be women, white, more educated, have higher income and be covered by health insurance

3. Background--continued Reported high use of spiritual healing and prayer as one of these modalities Unknown relationship between spiritual healing and prayer and race and ethnicity

4. Objective To examine the utilization of spiritual healing and prayer among US adults in relation to race and ethnicity

5. Methods Data source: 1999 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) Face-to-face interviews

6. Methods—cont’d Response rate: Household –90% Sample Adult--70% 30,801 adults aged 18 and older

7. Measure of Prayer and Spiritual Healing Use in past year Self-reported One of 12 listed CAM therapies and other

8. Question People may also use alternative health care services. I’d like to ask you about your use of some alternative kinds of therapies and treatments. During the past 12 months have you used...Spiritual healing or prayer?

9. Other Variables Health insurance coverage (y/n) General health status Race and Ethnicity Hispanic Non-Hispanic White Non-Hispanic Black

10. Other Variables-cont’d Gender Region of the country Age Education Income Other sociodemographic characteristics

11. Statistical analysis: Data weighted for population estimates Adjusted for non-response SUDAAN software used to adjust for cluster sample design

12. Characteristics of study subjects by race/ethnicity Characteristic% Hispanic% NH-White% NH-Black Age 18-19.111.515.9 25-26.117.422.1 35-23.322.023.7 45-14.318.516.7 55+17.130.621.6 Female50.651.855.6

13. Characteristics of study subjects by race/ethnicity-cont’d Characteristic% Hispanic% NH- White% NH-Black Education <1238.811.720.9 12-1545.353.555.9 16+15.934.923.3 Health insurance, yes 66.089.881.4 Family income <$ 20,000 24.313.727.9

14. Percent of adults who used 13 types of complementary and alternative medicine in the past year: United States, 1999 Modality%95% C. I. Spiritual healing or prayer 13.7 13.1-14.2 Herbal medicine9.6 9.1-10.0 Chiropractic therapy 7.6 7.2 - 7.9 Lifestyle diet6.9 6.5 - 7.3 Massage therapy6.4 6.0 - 6.8 Relaxation5.0 4.7 - 5.4 Homeopathy3.1 2.9 - 3.3

15. Percent of adults who used 13 types of complementary and alternative medicine in the past year: United States, 1999-cont’d Characteristic%95% C.I. Imagery1.71.5 - 1.9 Acupuncture1.41.2 - 1.5 Energy1.10.9 - 1.3 Hypnosis0.50.4 - 0.6 Biofeedback0.50.4 - 0.6 Other0.30.2 - 0.3

16. Percent Using Spiritual Healing or Prayer by Race/Ethnicity

17. Gender

18. Region of the Country

19. Age

20. Education (years)

21. Family Income

22. Health Insurance

23. Respondent-Reported Health Status

24. Use of Spiritual healing or Prayer in relation to race/ethnicity: Results from logistic regression Race/ethnicityOdds Ratio95% CI Model 1 (unadjusted) Hispanic0.440.37-0.53 NH-White0.800.70-0.91 NH-Black1.00- Model 2* (adjusted) Hispanic0.510.42-0.61 NH-White0.780.68-0.90 *Adjusted for age, gender, health insurance status, education