1. Sailboat Racing – Just the basics!
Presented by John Alonso

2. Agenda Keys to Racing Basic Sail Theory Sail Controls
Basic Rules and Signals
Starting
Beating Upwind; passing, meeting
Rounding Marks
Reaching and Running
Finishing
Summary

3. Keys to Racing Priorities:
When beating-stay on the wind; Learn to "feel" the wind.
Smooth Transitions (tacking and jibing)
Sail Close to Other Boats; Without Getting Nervous
Get a good start; clear air and speed.
Good Mark Roundings; large gains and losses are made here.

4. Basic Sail Theory
Sails, contrary to popular belief, are not merely "pushed" along by the wind.
The theory of sails; lift and flow
Lift is the force which makes the boat move
Flow of air over the sails generates that lift. It also generates drag, which slows the boat down.

5. Basic Sail Theory

6. Basic Sail Theory
The sail is the foil driving the boat. In order to maximize the speed of the boat in different conditions, you must change the depth of the foil.

7. Basic Sail Theory
Proper trim and attack angle are key.

8. Sail Controls Wind Indicators Windex Telltales
Jib telltales are the most sensitive, accurate

9. Sail Controls
Outhaul - controls the size of the draft in the bottom 40% of the mainsail.
Cunningham - controls the location of the draft. When the cunningham is pulled on, the draft in the sail moves forward. Sighting straight up above the boom, the top batten of the sail should be parallel with the boom.
Boom Vang - controls the shape of the mainsail leech. When the vang is pulled on, the leech gets tighter, and when released, the leech gets loose, and "twists" off to leeward. The top batten, as mentioned above, should be approximately parallel with the boom.

10. Sail Controls
Jib Leads (“blocks” or “cars”) – control the "slot" between the jib and main. This slot should be kept fairly open. The two blocks for the sheets can often be moved forward and back.

11. Sail Controls
Main Sheet and Jib Sheets - These controls, the most interactive, control the angle at which the wind hits the sail, with respect to the boom.
if the angle of attack is too large (the sail is pulled in too tight), the sail will "stall“. (Note: It will look the same, but it won't be working as it should) You can use the telltales on the sail to judge the flow

12. Basic Rules and Signals

13. Basic Rules and Signals

14. Basic Rules and Signals

15. Basic Rules and Signals

16. Basic Rules and Signals
Tack (and windward/leeward) is defined by which side the boom is on
wind
port
starboard
leeward
windward

17. Basic Rules and Signals

18. Starting
Example of three starts; Racers, Cruisers, and Capri’s

19. Starting – Triangle Course

20. Starting – Windward-Leeward Course

21. Starting – Olympic Course

22. Starting – Random Leg Course
Used for distance races
Uses fixed marks / navigational aids
Courses described in Sailing Instructions
First leg will be to windward, typically

23. Starting
Form a Plan and Execute it - Large gains and losses are made at the start. When your boat comes off the line, you want to be in clear air, have good speed, be on the preferred side of the line and course, and be on the right tack.

24. Starting An inside boat is not entitled to room at a start mark windRC
Barging!

25. Starting Watch the signal boat Check your time Gauge your speed
Pick a lane
Get Clear Air and Have Speed at the Start

26. Beating Upwind Keep the Boat Flat!
The most important rule for going upwind is to keep the boat as flat as possible.

27. Beating Upwind The main emphasis should be on speed.
In very light winds there is not enough energy to keep the sails open, so you must use heel the boat slightly to leeward to hold the sails open.
When a puff hits your boat you must ease the main sail. It is the crew's job is to keep the mainsail full. It is the skipper’s job to keep the boat flat
For the jib, the goal is to make the outside tale flow straight back and the inside tale "lift" occasionally

28. Beating Upwind Avoid blanketing and backwinding
3 boat lengths is a good rule

29. Beating Upwind
Avoid a potential blanketing and/or backwinding situation; use lee bow technique

30. Beating Upwind Lifts and Headers Header – Lift
a shift which forces you to bear off to keep the sails full. When this happens, you will not be heading as close to the windward mark.
If the header is severe enough, you should consider tacking, since those on the other tack are experiencing the same shift, but to them it's a lift.
Lift
A shift which allows your boat to head up toward the windward mark.

31. Beating Upwind
Headers
Lifts

32. Meeting Situations
A boat on starboard tack has right of way over a port tack boat
wind
Starboard!

33. Passing Situations
A boat passing to windward must keep clear of a leeward boat on the same tack. The leeward boat may luff to prevent the pass.
wind
Head up!

34. Passing Situations
A boat passing to leeward on the same tack must not sail above her proper course
wind
Proper course!

35. Rounding Marks Windward Mark –
The goal for this rounding is to come into the mark with a full head of steam, and accelerate evenly as you bear off for the next leg.
plan to come in about 1/2 to 1 boat length above the layline, to be able to bear off as you approach. As you bear off for the next leg, begin to let the sails out evenly to keep the telltales flowing, but don't let them luff.

36. Rounding Marks
At a windward mark, a boat on starboard tack has right of way over a port tack boat
wind
mark
Starboard!

37. Rounding Marks
wind
When rounding a windward mark, an inside boat on the same tack must be given room if overlapped within three boat lengths of the mark
mark
Room!

38. Rounding Marks Reach Mark The reach mark is also called the jibe mark
The objective is to jibe nicely and smoothly and set up for the leeward mark
Set your pole if you have one

39. Reaching and Running
These legs are often the fastest legs because of the increased speed of the boat.
Clear air is important. If someone is driving over you on top of your wind, try your best to get away without making too much of a course change

40. Rounding Marks Leeward
If you have a pole up, plan ahead to take it down.
Plan to come in about 1/2 to 1 boat length above the layline, to be able to harden up as round

41. Rounding Marks
wind
When rounding a leeward mark, an inside boat (if overlapped within three boat lengths of the mark) must always be given room
Room!
mark

42. Finishing
As you come around the leeward mark or otherwise approach the finish line look to see which side is closest to you.
If you're confident you have the speed, once you're about 1 boat length from the finish, “punch it up” or “shoot" the boat straight into the wind. This cuts down the distance you have to travel to finish. MAKE SURE YOU DON’T STALL!!

43. Summary Before the race Get to boat early
Check: gear, clothing, food, water, sunscreen
Launch to arrive at the start line at least ½ hour before start

44. Summary Before the start Find the weather mark
Sail up the first beat to determine the favored tack
Sail downwind to determine favored jibe
Find the line and the favored end
Know the course; check the board!
Get on the clock
Stay close to committee boat
Sync with prep flag

45. Summary Start Get close to favored end but away from pack
Make room to maneuver
Give at least 30 secs to build speed
Adjust all controls for max. speed
Hit the line at full speed!

46. Summary 1st beat Look up the course Look for shifts Look for pressure
Look at where fleet is going and try to get between fleet and advantaged side
Know where you are on the course and where the mark is
Tack on the headers

47. Summary
Weather mark
Approach from middle; don’t get to layline too early
Big gains possible in last few shifts!
Look for holes in parade and/or boats overstood
Adjust for reach; cunningham off, vang off 50%, outhaul off 50%
Maintain speed in rounding; smooth round using sail and boat trim, minimum rudder
Head for clear air

48. Summary Reach Maintain clear air (don’t let boats drive over!)
Ride the waves
Concentrate on boat speed
Set course and adjust with sail trim, minimum rudder

49. Summary Reach (jibe) mark Maintain speed in rounding
Have pole prepared, if applicable
Jibe main
Get to course quickly
Set Pole

50. Summary Run Stay on course; steer with sail trim, minimum rudder
Maintain clear air
Work to stay on the waves
Ride pressure down to mark

51. Summary Leeward mark Avoid laylines until last minute
Determine favored tack for next beat
Take pole down if applicable
Adjust controls for beat
Outhaul in
Jib car adjustment
Cunningham down
Vang on

52. Summary Beat to Finish Find a lane on favored tack Tack on the headers
Sail to 1st layline (do not sail past!)
Determine favored end
Sail to favored end
Punch it up at the line
Listen for the horn and HAVE A BEER!