1. Breeds and types Of Poultry

2. Objectives
Students will:
Identify major breeds of chicken and minor breeds of poultry
Describe characteristics of each breed
Identify breed purpose

3. Essential Question 1 (5 points)
What purpose(s) do chickens serve?

4. Fowl (birds) raised on farms and used as food
What is poultry?
Fowl (birds) raised on farms and used as food

5. 2nd in consumption only to beef
Poultry
High protein
Low fat
Economical to eat
2nd in consumption only to beef

6. Showing- White Crested Black Polish
What are they used for?
Meat- Plymouth Rock
Feathers- Peafowl
Eggs- Leghorn
Showing- White Crested Black Polish

7. Purposes of Poultry Dual Purpose Fancy/Ornamental Meat Purpose
Table Egg Laying

8. Use: An egg-type chicken. Origin: city of Leghorn, Italy.
Leghorn-Chickens
Weighs: 4 lbs. to 6 lbs.
Egg Shell Color: White.
Use: An egg-type chicken.
Origin: city of Leghorn, Italy.

9. The most numerous breed.
Leghorn-Chickens
Characteristics: A small, noisy bird, known for being all white in color
The most numerous breed.

10. Rhode Island Red-Chicken
Standard Weight: 5 ½ lbs to 8 ½ lbs.
 Egg Shell Color: Brown

11. Rhode Island Red-Chicken
Use: Egg production, and meat (Dual Purpose)
Origin: Massachuset ts and Rhode Island.

12. White Crested Black Polish
Recognized for its long wattle and head plumage
Originated in Poland

13. White Crested Black Polish
Can only see forwards and downwards
Considered ornamental/fa ncy

14. Famous for its fighting skills during the revolutionary war.
Blue Hen
Famous for its fighting skills during the revolutionary war.

15. Delaware’s regiment was nicknamed “The Blue Hen Chickens”
University of Delaware’s mascot

16. Any breed of chicken raised specifically for meat.
Broiler
Any breed of chicken raised specifically for meat.
Grown to specific weight and age.
Between weeks in age.

17. Most common widespread goose in America is the Canadian Goose
Geese
Most common widespread goose in America is the Canadian Goose

18. A group of geese is called a gaggle
Large waterfowl in between a
swan and ducks.

19. Selectively bred for large size
Turkey
Very heavy birds
Used for meat
Selectively bred for large size

20. Turkey
All turkeys bred for meat must be artificially inseminated because they are so large!

21. Produce eggs, meat, and feathers (down feathers)
Duck
Produce eggs, meat, and feathers (down feathers)
All duck breeds are descendants of wild mallard
China is top duck market

22. Normally eaten meat and bones
Quail
Used for meat, eggs
Normally eaten meat and bones

23. Quail
Wild Quail that has fed on hemlock, can be toxic to consume causing kidney failure

24. Birds in this group include; ostrich, emu and kiwi
Ratites
Flightless !!!
Birds in this group include; ostrich, emu and kiwi

25. Emu’s cannot walk backwards
Ratites
Emu’s cannot walk backwards
Emu oil provides health benefits

26. Put your name and the date on the top. Define the following words:
Vocabulary Sheet
Put your name and the date on the top.
Define the following words:
Poultry
Dual Purpose (give breed example)

27. Table Egg Laying (give breed example)
Vocabulary Sheet
Table Egg Laying (give breed example)
Fancy/ Ornamental (give breed example)
Meat Purpose (give breed example)

28. Broiler Gaggle Ratites
Vocabulary Sheet
Broiler
Gaggle
Ratites
Turn in when finished. Due at the end of class. Please handle animals when you’re finished.

29. Library Project Directions:
On your own:
Library Project
Directions:
Choose a poultry breed not discussed in class. Provide a picture to the teacher (chosen from the internet) to be posted on the screen while you present.

30. Compile a profile of your bird. Include: Origin Color characteristics
On your own:
Library Project
Compile a profile of your bird. Include:
Origin
Color characteristics
Average Size
Purpose
Product from or by the animal
Fun Fact

31. Basic anatomy Of Poultry
Please Follow along with your worksheet provided it will be collected at the end of class for a grade worth 10 points

32. Objectives Label the major parts of poultry anatomy
Explain the purpose of specific anatomical differences in digestion anatomy.
Discuss the general reproductive anatomy of a hen.

33. Essential Question 2 (5 points)
What are 2 differences between human anatomy and poultry anatomy? Do these differences hold a purpose?

34. What do you call a mature male? Rooster
Vocab to know
What do you call a mature male?
Rooster
What do you call a mature female?
Hen
What do you call a young female?
Pullet

35. What do you call a castrated male? Capon Chickens [Hatch]
Vocab to know
What do you call a castrated male?
Capon
Chickens [Hatch]
What is the incubation period?
21 days

36. Facial features of Poultry

37. Main Anatomy of Poultry

38. Digestion system of Poultry

39. Reproductive System female

40. Male Reproductive system

42. Put the date under yesterday’s words. Define the following words:
Vocabulary Sheet
Put the date under yesterday’s words.
Define the following words:
Spurs Primary Feathers
Crop Gizzard
Cloaca
Turn in when finished. Due at the end of class.

43. The Incredible Egg

44. Hatching Egg hatching Video
K_vRE

45. Objectives
Label the basic anatomical parts of the egg, and reproductive system of the hen
Explain the process of gestation within the egg.
Discuss the process of fertilization and egg development.
Understand the importance and purpose of gestation.
Define the process of incubation and its importance.

46. Essential Question 3
How do embryos change from fertilization to hatching? (list three main ideas)

47. Egg- the female germ cell. The egg becomes the embryo.
What is an Egg?
Egg- the female germ cell.
The egg becomes the embryo.
Avian egg- bird eggs.

48. It includes the following: Shell Shell membranes Albumen Yolk
What is an Egg?
It includes the following:
Shell
Shell membranes
Albumen
Yolk
Together they protect and nourish.

49. 1.Ovulation- release of mature yolk from the ovary.
Egg Formation
1.Ovulation- release of mature yolk from the ovary.
2.Infundibulum- receives the yolk, about 15 minutes spent.

50. 3.Yolk moves into magnum 50% of albumen is added. Takes 3 hours.
Egg Formation
3.Yolk moves into magnum 50% of albumen is added. Takes 3 hours.
4.Spends 1.5 hours in the Isthmus. Shell membranes added.
5. Total process takes about 24 hours

51. Egg Formation

52. Shell- hard outer surface; calcium
Egg Anatomy
Shell- hard outer surface; calcium
Shell has pores to allow loss of CO2, moisture.

53. a. Known as Inner and Outer Membrane
Egg Anatomy
2. Shell membranes- there are two one next to the shell, and surrounding albumen, yolk.
a. Known as Inner and Outer Membrane

54. 3. Air Cell- air space between two shell membranes.
Egg Anatomy
3. Air Cell- air space between two shell membranes.
4. Albumen- egg white.
5. Yolk- true egg, if fertilized become embryo.

55. Egg Anatomy

56. Egg Gestation and development
Artificially keeping an egg warm until hatching. Done in an incubator- artificially heated container.

57. Egg Gestation and development
The incubator must be kept at a certain temperature range 99 to 103 F. Eggs must be turned while incubating -Why do we turn eggs during incubation??

58. Once they arrive
-Temperature = degrees under light, deg in house -Decrease temp. 5 degrees / week until 60 degrees -Teach how to drink right away

59. -If chicks are huddled together under light = too cold
Once they arrive
-If chicks are huddled together under light = too cold
-If none are under light = too hot
-Should be scattered

60. Egg gestation
How does the yolk sac change throughout gestation?

61. Pg. 78, true or false, fill in the blanks and discussion questions.
Activities
Pg. 78, true or false, fill in the blanks and discussion questions.

62. Put the date under yesterday’s words. Define the following words:
Vocabulary Sheet
Put the date under yesterday’s words.
Define the following words:
Ovum Albumen
Gestation Yolk Sac
Incubation
Turn in when finished. Due at the end of class.

63. Poultry Reproduction

64. Warm Up
What do you see in this picture? What is happening?

65. Essential Question
Give one difference between the mammal and the avian fertilization process.

66. Young develop outside the mother (hen)
Differences
Young develop outside the mother (hen)

67. 1. Male places sperm in oviduct of female
Process
1. Male places sperm in oviduct of female
2. Male papillae places sperm in the cloacal wall of female

68. 3. Sperm move up the oviduct to the funnel where the egg is fertilized
Process
3. Sperm move up the oviduct to the funnel where the egg is fertilized
4. Sperm cells remain in oviduct 2-3 weeks after mating

69. 5. Sperm have full fertilizing ability for about 6 days
Process
5. Sperm have full fertilizing ability for about 6 days
6. After then - ability of sperm to fertilize egg is decreased

70. 8. Egg is laid - embryo grows inside the shell
Process
7. After yolk is fertilized it moves through the tract where the rest of the egg is added
8. Egg is laid - embryo grows inside the shell

71. Activity
1. Draw the fertilization process of chickens in your groups. - Include amount of time the sperm takes to travel through the system. -Include all 8 steps. Be CREATIVE! For example, make a cartoon or skit !

72. Introduction to Poultry Management

73. Chicken Poo management
L2ruQ

74. Objectives
Describe required management practices and their purpose in poultry health.
Evaluate basic parts of poultry nutrition.
Define vaccinations and their purpose within the poultry industry.

75. Essential Question
If you were raising chickens, what types of housing, nutrition, or other needs would you have to meet to make your animals happy and healthy?

76. -Only order what you can house
How to get started
-Order chicks early
-Only order what you can house

77. 10 square inches / chick under light
How to get started
-Space requirements:
10 square inches / chick under light
25 square inches / chick house space
-Chicks shouldn’t be allowed to get more than 3 ft away from light

78. Requirements: Feeding system Heaters Litter Thermometers Alarm systems
Housing
Requirements:
Heaters
Thermometers
Humidity
Watering system
Feeding system
Litter
Alarm systems
Standby equipment

79. Housing

80. Vaccinate (hatchery can do this)
Management Practices
Debeaking: remove 1/3 of the top beak and a small part of the bottom (prevent cannibalism)
at 6-8 days old
Vaccinate (hatchery can do this)

81. Management Practices
Lighting: birds naturally reproduce in spring, simulate spring, chickens molt (shed feathers) production increases

82. Maintenance practices

83. Water: MOST IMPORTANT nutrient Protein Carbohydrates Fats
Nutrition
Water: MOST IMPORTANT nutrient
Protein
Carbohydrates Fats
Minerals Vitamins
Feed Additives:
Marigold

85. Vaccination
Marek’s Disease: vaccine given in ovo Symptoms include : paralysis , blindness, gasping
Infectious bronchitis: caused by a virus. Prevented through vaccination Symptoms include gasping, decreased feed intake, soft egg shells

86. Vaccination

87. Security measures taken to prevent the spread of disease
Bio-Security
Security measures taken to prevent the spread of disease

88. Define the following words: Litter Marek’s disease
Vocabulary sheet
Define the following words:
Litter Marek’s disease
Vaccination Biosecurity
Infectious Bronchitis
Turn in when finished. Due at the end of class.

89. Introduction to the Poultry Industry

90. What type of management practices do you think are used in this photo?
Warm Up
What type of management practices do you think are used in this photo?

91. Objectives Define vertical integration.
Label major parts of the poultry industry.
Summarize the main processes in poultry product production.

92. How does vertical integration help chicken producers?
Essential Question
How does vertical integration help chicken producers?

93. Collect eggs 2-3 times per day (if hot)
Layer Care
Collect eggs 2-3 times per day (if hot)
Wash eggs immediately in warm water

94. Refrigerate & keep away from onions & mold
Layer Care
Refrigerate & keep away from onions & mold
Production Goal: 4 lbs feed / dozen eggs
Hens produce 7 eggs / 10 days

95. Layer Industry
Over 90% of eggs produced are by layers in cages. The most common grouping is four hens per cage.

96. Some layers produce brown eggs and some produce white eggs.
Layer Industry
Some layers produce brown eggs and some produce white eggs.

98. Layer industry
-Most eggs sold in the U.S. are white. -In commercial operations, lighting is used to stimulate the hormonal activity of the hens to increase their production of eggs.

99. Layer industry
-They produce eggs naturally when the days are longer than the nights. -Most operations allow hours of light per day

100. Layer Industry
-Eggs are coated with a thin coat of mineral oil to prevent carbon dioxide from escaping from within the egg.
-Eggs are graded according to size and checked for cracks and interior spots by candling.

102. Don’t keep in cages (weak bones & bruise easily)
Broiler Care
Don’t keep in cages (weak bones & bruise easily)
Keep light on at night (prevent cannibalism)

103. Market at 4 1/2 lbs for males, 3 1/2 lbs for females (about 8 weeks)
Broiler Care
Market at 4 1/2 lbs for males, 3 1/2 lbs for females (about 8 weeks)
2.1 lbs feed / lb of gain

104. Broiler Industry
Most are white
Colored birds have pigmentation spots in their skin which is undesirable to the consumer

105. Kept to certain age, based on weight
Broiler Industry
Kept to certain age, based on weight
ALL IN ALL OUT

106. All birds are hatched at same time Grow together at same general rate
All in ALL out
All birds are hatched at same time Grow together at same general rate

107. All in ALL out
All sent to slaughter at same time Entire house disinfected and cleaned New “generation” brought in

108. Vertical Integration
Definition: Several steps in production, from raw materials to final product, are controlled by company or owner.

109. Vertical Integration

110. Label each segment (grain mill, slaughter house etc)
ACTIVITY
Draw on a poster with your group a representation on vertical integration.
Label each segment (grain mill, slaughter house etc)

111. Processing Chicken
Primary
Processing
Secondary

112. Career opportunities Agronomy Sales Shift supervisor Seed Production
Grain Operations
Farm Marketer
Feed Mill Manager
Plant Manager
Waste Water Supervisor
Barn Supervisor

113. That’s All Folks!!!

114. Define the following words: Vertical Integration
Vocabulary Sheet
Define the following words:
Vertical Integration
Primary Processing (give an example)
Secondary Processing (give an example)
Turn in when finished. Due at the end of class.

115. References
Modern Livestock & Poultry Production 5th Edition. By James Gillespie.
Oklahoma State University- Animal Science department.