1. Discovering the Historical Record
Mind Walk
Discovering the Historical Record

2. Fold your paper in half vertically (hot dog style) so you have 2 columns

3. Your Paper

4. Step ONE
List all the activities you were involved in during the past 24 hours (starting from this time yesterday to this moment)

5. Your Paper List of activities Leave blank for now 5 am: woke up
5:30am: Took a shower
6:00am: walked my dog
6:30am: fixed my lunch for the day
7:00am: arrived at work

6. Step TWO
Review your entire list. For each activity on your list, write down what evidence, if any, your activities might have left behind.
Examples: diary, notes, letters, s, text messages, voice mail, calendar entry, checks, charge cards, receipts, eye witnesses, trash, material objects

7. Your Paper List of activities Evidence 5 am: woke up
None
5:30am: Took a shower
6:00am: walked my dog
My neighbor was also walking her dog; we exchanged hellos
6:30am: fixed my lunch for the day
7:00am: arrived at work
Sign in sheet in the office; Custodian greeted me on the way in; signed into my computer

8. Step 3 Review your list and evidence. Then…
Circle the activities that left the most trace evidence behind
Of the circled items, put a box around the ones that might be preserved—explain why!
Cross out all the activities that would be left out of any historical record.
Based on what is left, what would a future historian be able to tell about your life?

9. Your Paper List of activities Evidence 5 am: woke up
Computer records last for much longer than many other things; sign in sheets are kept for pay roll purposes.
Your Paper
List of activities
Evidence
5 am: woke up
None
5:30am: Took a shower
6:00am: walked my dog
My neighbor was also walking her dog; we exchanged hellos
6:30am: fixed my lunch for the day
7:00am: arrived at work
Sign in sheet in the office; Custodian greeted me on the way in; signed into my computer

10. A future historian would say…
I work extremely hard given the time I arrive at work each day and the things I do on my computer.

11. Broaden it out
Now, think of a more public event (a court case, an election, a controversy, etc.). Write this event down, then answer the following questions
What kind of evidence does this event leave behind?
Who records information about this event
Why are these events recorded?

12. So…What?
What does this activity reveal about what the historical record preserves?
Why?

13. Native American/American Indian Culture
Earliest part of the United States’ Historical Record
Preserved through their own historical record…what artifacts might they have?
Cliff Palace hand hold; Mesa Verde National Park July 2011
Spruce Tree House; Mesa Verde National Park July 2011

14. Validity and Fallibility
Can something be both fallible (imperfect) and valid (legitimate)?

15. Birth of the American Dream Packet
Page 1

16. Listen as we read selections.
Nacierma Culture
Listen as we read selections.

17. First impressions
How do you feel about the Nacierma culture? In your response, consider answering the following questions…
Is it a culture you identify with?
Are you interested in learning more?
Would you like to visit the culture?
What would you say to the people of this culture if you were to visit?

18. Audience, Purpose and Mode
Who is the audience for this article? How can you tell?
What mode is this article (Narrative, expository, persuasive, or descriptive)?
What is the main purpose (to inform, to explain/teach, to persuade, to reflect or to entertain)?
Is there a secondary purpose?

19. NACIERMA
AMERICAN
DO YOU GET IT? 

20. How does that change the Audience, Purpose and Mode
Who is the audience for this article? How can you tell?
What mode is this article (Narrative, expository, persuasive, or descriptive)?
What is the main purpose (to inform, to explain/teach, to persuade, to reflect or to entertain)?
Is there a secondary purpose?

21. Lessons?
Respect

22. American Indian Origins
Anthropologically
Culturally
Who:
Clovis
Why:
Searching for a place to dwell
How:
Land bridge over Siberia to Alaska
Coastal migration through boats
Stories passed through the generations
Literal?
Figurative?

23. Oral Tradition
Stories spoken aloud rather than committed to paper; an early form of both literature and history
What are the strengths of this type of preservation?
Weaknesses?—Telephone/Gossip

24. Phrase
Cliff palace in Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado is the largest cliff dwelling in North America.

25. Speculate
If something is not written down, is it still a valid source?
What happens to something that is passed through the generations by word of mouth rather than through a written record?
How can oral tradition be sustained?

26. Validity and Fallibility
Can something be both fallible (imperfect) and valid (legitimate)?

27. In her introduction, Susan Power says, “I was taught that our lives are stories…”. Do you agree with the statement? Explain.

28. What does it mean to be interconnected (pg 9)
What does it mean to be interconnected (pg 9)? How do you think tales of nature and the natural world show interconnectedness?

29. Interconnectedness Nature and the natural world and humans…
How could it show interconnectedness?
Symbolism

30. Symbolism
The use of something tangible to describe something intangible.
HEART = LOVE

31. Animal I like
Symbolic Meaning

32. What type of person might have had this totem shield?

33. Fact vs. Opinion in the Historical Record
PREZI:

34. Origin Myth
Myth: a usually traditional story of allegedly historical events that serves to unfold part of the world view of a people
Origin Myths: explain a practice, belief, or natural phenomenon
Examples?
Fact or opinion?
Valid?

35. Image Borrowed From http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/united_states.html
Ask students to Identify New York

36. Onondaga Tribe Present territory is south of Syracuse, New York.
Continues to maintain its ancient form of government, including a traditionally-selected council of chiefs.
Short video Clip00-2:00; 10:40
What do animals symbolize to the Onondaga?

37. Animal in “The Earth on Turtle’s Back” Symbolic Meaning
Swan
Beaver
Loon
Muskrat
Sacred; holy
Duck
Graceful on the water; sees clearly through emotions; spirit helper of mystics and seers.

38. Vocabulary Review
The muskrat had to ________________________ (verb) strength and perseverance in order to successfully bring the earth to the surface.
After hearing of the dream, the Chief was not willing to ________________________ (verb) his wife. He believes her dream is symbolic and has to be followed or bad luck would follow.
No one can explain how the Turtle carried the Earth on his back. Perhaps he had some kind of ________________________ (adjective) to keep it from falling off while he put it into place.
After the creation of the earth, it is likely that the wife of the Chief blessed the new creation by giving a ________________________ (noun).
The wife of the Chief involuntarily _____________________(verb) her position among her people when she fell through the hole in the sky.
Combine
contradict
adhesive
benediction
abdicated

39. Origin Myths “The Earth on Turtle’s Back” The world Trees and Seeds
Selection
Phenomenon
Explanation
“The Earth on Turtle’s Back”
The world
Trees and Seeds
Scratches on Turtle’s Back
“When Grizzlies Walked Upright”
Mount Shasta
Beaver
Otter
Fish
Birds
Grizzlies
Navajo Origin Myth
Navajo People
The World
Sun, Moon, Stars etc.

40. Image Borrowed From http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/united_states.html
Ask students to Identify Mount Shasta in Northern California

41. Modoc Tribe Originate from Northern California and Southern Oregon
They are currently divided between Oregon and Oklahoma.
The latter are a federally-recognized tribe, the Modoc Tribe of Oklahoma.
The Oregon Modocs are enrolled in the federally-recognized Klamath Tribes.

42. Mt. Shasta

43. For Later… When Grizzlies Walked Upright Symbolic Meaning Grizzly Bear

44. Grizzlies Reading Check
What natural phenomenon is explained in the first paragraph?
What is the difference between the bears of the “beginning of the world” and bears of today?
What does the sky spirit warn his daughter about?
Where does the daughter disappear to?
Why does the sky spirit curse the grizzlies?
Who were the first Indians?
Look at the graphic on pg. 22. In what way does the artist blend the natural world and the human world?
What Point of View is this origin myth told in?

45. Origin Myths “The Earth on Turtle’s Back” The world Trees and Seeds
Selection
Phenomenon
Explanation
“The Earth on Turtle’s Back”
The world
Trees and Seeds
Scratches on Turtle’s Back
“When Grizzlies Walked Upright”
Mount Shasta
Beaver
Otter
Fish
Birds
Grizzlies
Navajo Origin Myth
Navajo People
The World
Sun, Moon, Stars etc.

46. Navajo
Began as Hunters/Gathers as far north as Canada and worked their way southward
Heavily influenced by Pueblo people (animosity…) and Spanish settlers.
Largest sovereign tribe in the US.

48. Connect: How do you think “Wile E. Coyote” relates to this symbolism?
Navajo Creation Myth
Symbolic Meaning
The Coyote plays an important role in this creation myth…
Sometimes considered an omen of bad things; also considered a trickster. The embodiment of the things we cannot change or understand. He is about acceptance of human limitation.
Connect: How do you think “Wile E. Coyote” relates to this symbolism?

49. Navajo Creation Myth Now, answer the following questions:
1. How many worlds were created total?
2. Who many beings existed in the beginning?
3. Who is Begochiddy? What did he create first?
4. How is this story similar/different than other creation stories?
Pay close attention to the Navajo Creation Myth. Listen and watch. Do nothing else.

50. How can this symbolism apply to the myth?
Navajo Creation Myth
Symbolic Meaning
The Coyote plays an important role in this creation myth…
Sometimes considered an omen of bad things; also considered a trickster. The embodiment of the things we cannot change or understand. He is about acceptance of human limitation.
How can this symbolism apply to the myth?

51. Origin Myths “The Earth on Turtle’s Back” The world Trees and Seeds
Selection
Phenomenon
Explanation
“The Earth on Turtle’s Back”
The world
Trees and Seeds
Scratches on Turtle’s Back
“When Grizzlies Walked Upright”
Mount Shasta
Beaver
Otter
Fish
Birds
Grizzlies
Navajo Origin Myth
Navajo People
The 4th World
Sun, Moon, Stars etc.

52. Origin Myths Opinions How are they similar? How are they different?
Facts
Opinions
What people BELIEVE…
Cannot be PROVEN
How are they similar?
How are they different?

53. The World According to Me!
A Separate PowerPoint