1. NO.3/Sac Life Science 13 NO.3/Sac Life Science 13

2. NO.3/Sac Life Science 13 Vocabulary 1.dikaryon- a cell with two haploid nuclei. 2.haploid nuclei- a nucleus with only half the normal a ctual number of chromosomes 3.nuclear fussion- the process in which two or more atomic nuclei join together, or "fuse", to form a single heavier nucleus atomic nuclei 4.Ascus- a sac-like structure produced by fungi 5.digestive enzymes- enzymes that break down polymeric macromolecules into their smaller building blocks. 6.conidia- asexual unchangeable fungus spores

3. NO.3/Sac Life Science 13 Fungi Members of “Ascomycota” Reproduce Sexual reproduction Asexual reproduction Produce spores in their ascus(seed bag) Commonly cylinder-shaped large cell Inside, there’re 8 ascospores Both multicellular & unicellular Have dissepiment- dividing membrane

4. NO.3/Sac Life Science 13 Body part : Fruiting bodies

5. NO.3/Sac Life Science 13 Reproduction Sexual Step 1- compatible hyphae fuse together Step 2- nuclei from the different hyphae move together in to one cell to form a * dikaryon. Step 3- cell divisions occur, several cells with two differen t haploid nuclei per cell form. Step 4- * nuclear fusion of the two haploid nuclei occurs in the ascus mother cell. Step 5- the ascus mother cell develops into an *ascus nuclear fusion Step 6- meiosis occurs in the diploid cells and, four or eig ht haploid ascospores form in the ascus

6. NO.3/Sac Life Science 13 Reproduction Asexual Asexual reproduction among the different group s of fungi are very similar. Ascomycota reproduce asexually through budding or the formation of *conidia. conidia- asexual uncha ngeable fungus spores

7. NO.3/Sac Life Science 13 How they eat/ get food Require organic molecules as energy sources. They get thes e by feeding on dead things. To obtain these nutrients, sac fungi deposit powerful *digestive enzymes. digestive enzymes They are heterotrophs

8. NO.3/Sac Life Science 13 Something cool Ergot (a type of sac fungi) has been known and used for many centuries, and it w as even described in an Assyrian tablet as the "noxious pustule in the ear of grai n." In ancient times ergot was also known as "mad grain" and "drunken rye." The n later in European history, there were periodic plagues, which had many sympto ms, depending on the dosage of ergot. The possible effects were (mild to severe) : (1) burning and convulsions, (2) hallucinations with imaginary sounds, (3) gangr ene and loss of limbs, (4) permanent insanity, and, occasionally, (5) death. The in itial burning sensation led to the Latin name ignis sacer, which means holy fire. T his human malady was so horrible that in 1093 a religious order was founded in s outhern France to help those afflicted; St. Anthony was the patron saint, so the m alady, now called ergotism, was then named St. Anthony's fire.

9. NO.3/Sac Life Science 13 Thank you for watching