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Chapter 29 Review Stars
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Which correctly lists objects in order of decreasing mass?
Solar System, Jupiter, Earth, Sun Solar System, Jupiter, Sun, Earth Sun, Solar System, Jupiter, Earth Solar System, Sun, Jupiter, Earth
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Which line on the graph best represents the way in which the number of sunspots changes over time?
D
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Which planet has composition and density most similar to the Sun?
Saturn Mars Mercury Venus
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A scientist comparing the properties of a large number of different stars could expect to find the most variation in the data describing the stars’ luminosity diameter composition temperature
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The line on this graph best describes the relationship between
the temperature of a star and its luminosity the temperature of a star and its distance from Earth the temperature of a star and its composition the temperature of a star and its location in the universe
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The timeline shows the sequence of events that occurs during the formation of a star. What is the correct label for the blank in the diagram? nuclear fusion begins internal temperature drops gravity ceases to act rotation begins
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Which point on the timeline most correctly identifies the Sun’s current point in its lifecycle?
A B C D
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Use the table to calculate which of the following units represents the greatest distance.
meter parsec light year kilometer
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A scientist using parallax to determine the distance to a star will notice the greatest shift in a star’s apparent position when measured at 6-month intervals during Earth’s coldest weather at the midpoint of the star’s rotation at the peak of the star’s blueshift
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Most of the light emitted by the Sun comes from the
chromosphere corona photosphere prominence
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When the polarity of the Sun's magnetic field is taken into account, the solar activity cycle lasts
22.4 years 22.2 years 11.2 years 11.4 years
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What causes the dark bands observed in a solar spectrum?
the emission of specific elements different chemical elements which absorb light at specific wavelengths highly compressed, glowing gas warmer gas in front of a source that emits a continuous spectrum
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The apparent shift in a star’s position caused by the motion of the observer is called
luminosity apparent magnitude absolute magnitude parallax
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A star that is gravitationally bound to another star can either be part of a star cluster or a ____ star. constellation white dwarf binary red giant
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All stars, including the Sun, have the following identical composition:
25 percent hydrogen; 73 percent helium; and 2 percent oxygen 25 percent helium; 73 percent hydrogen; and 2 percent other 25 percent helium; 73 percent hydrogen; and 2 percent oxygen 25 percent hydrogen; 73 percent helium; and 2 percent other
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The ____ of a star determines its temperature, luminosity, and diameter.
mass composition energy output density
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Combining of lightweight nuclei into heavier nuclei, such as four hydrogen nuclei combining to form a helium nucleus black hole photosphere fusion constellation main sequence nebula solar activity cycle spectrum
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Cloud of interstellar gas and dust that collapses on itself to form a new star
black hole photosphere fusion constellation main sequence nebula solar activity cycle spectrum
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Visible light arranged according to wavelengths
black hole photosphere fusion constellation main sequence nebula solar activity cycle spectrum
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Group of bright stars named for an animal, a mythological character, or an everyday object
black hole photosphere fusion constellation main sequence nebula solar activity cycle spectrum
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Minimum to maximum sunspots, a reversal of polarity, and minimum to maximum sunspots over a period of 22.4 years black hole photosphere fusion constellation main sequence nebula solar activity cycle spectrum
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Lowest layer of the Sun’s surface from which most of the light emitted by the Sun comes
black hole photosphere fusion constellation main sequence nebula solar activity cycle spectrum
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Section of the H-R diagram into which about 90 percent of stars fall
black hole photosphere fusion constellation main sequence nebula solar activity cycle spectrum
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Small, massive, dense object that has a gravity so immense that nothing—not even light—can escape it
black hole photosphere fusion constellation main sequence nebula solar activity cycle spectrum
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The density of gas in coronal holes is greater than the density of the entire corona.
True False
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The Sun is almost entirely composed of hydrogen and helium.
True False
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A parsec is a greater distance than a light year.
True False
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The shaded area of the graph correctly represents the percentage of stars that are in the main sequence of an HR diagram. True False
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Stars more massive than the Sun use up their fuel at a slower rate.
True False
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The corona is visible only during eclipses because it is the coolest layer of the Sun’s atmosphere.
True False
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When hydrogen nuclei fuse, they produce helium.
True False
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The state of matter found in the Sun’s interior is plasma.
True False
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The greatest proportion of elements in the universe are those with the smallest masses.
True False
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Scientists gather evidence about the Sun’s composition by directly sampling material from the Sun.
True False
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Other than the use of special instruments, the chromosphere is only visible during a solar eclipse when the photosphere is blocked. True False
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In the modern classification of apparent magnitude, a difference of 5 magnitudes corresponds to a factor of 100 in brightness. True False
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When the core of a star collapses forever, the extremely dense object that remains is called a(n) neutron star. True False
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As a star ages, its internal composition changes as nuclear reactions in the star’s core convert one element into another. True False
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Astronomers can sometimes identify binary stars even if only one star is visible.
True False
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Absolute magnitude takes distance into account when indicating the surface temperature of a star.
True False
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Using the parallax technique, astronomers can accurately measure the distance of stars up to 300 pc away. True False
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The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram (H-R) diagram, first plotted in the nineteenth century, demonstrates the relationship of luminosity and temperature. True False
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Stars are assigned a spectral type, with M being the hottest stars.
True False
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The mass of a star determines the star’s temperature, luminosity, and constellation.
True False
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