1. Nationalism and Sectionalism
Essential Questions:
In what ways can geography lead to political, economic, and cultural conflict?
Can a nation respect regional differences and create a national identity at the same time?

2. sectionalist Do Now Define these two terms in your binder:
Nationalism
Sectionalism
You may use the glossary
Who do you think would be more likely to argue in favor of states’ rights, a nationalist or a sectionalist?
sectionalist

3. Nationalism vs. Sectionalism
An early example:
Should Congress have the power to regulate foreign trade?
Under the Articles of Confederation, it did not.
This had proven to be a problem.
It was clearly in the nation’s best interest to give Congress this power.
In 1785, James Monroe recommended amending the Articles to give Congress more control over foreign trade.

4. Slaveholders Object
Southerners were afraid Congress would end the slave trade.
For them, the economic interests of their region (or section) outweighed the interests of the nation as a whole – SECTIONALISM!
United States in 1787

5. President Washington’s Cabinet
Alexander Hamilton
Secretary of Treasury
Thomas Jefferson
Secretary of State
From Chapter 6, Section 1 Notes (3/6)

6. Democratic-Republicans
Also see chart on page 185
Hamilton vs. Jefferson
Hamilton
Jefferson
Favors strong central government
Economy based on shipping and manufacturing
Loose interpretation of the Constitution
Pay foreign debt and assume states’ debt
Close relationship with Britain
Favors strong state and local governments
Economy based on farming
Strict interpretation of the Constitution
Pay foreign debt only
Close relationship with France
Democratic-Republicans
Sectionalists
Nationalists
Federalists

7. Red States vs Blue States
Issues Connector
Sectionalism and National Politics (1775 – 2004)
Causes of the War of 1812
Red States vs Blue States
Effects of the War of 1812

8. Issues Connector Answer the following questions in this order: #4 #3#2 #6 #8

9. The War of 1812: Causes
As Thomas Jefferson begins his second term as US President in 1804, Britain and France are at war again (big surprise, right?)
The renewed fighting threatens American shipping:
British blockade French ports to keep ships from entering
Both Britain and France seize American ships, take cargo
Rumors circulate of impressment – seizing American ships and forcing sailors to serve in the British Navy

10. War of 1812: Causes
President Jefferson convinces Congress to declare an embargo – or ban on exports.
The embargo, which was meant to hurt Europe, also hurt American merchants, sailors, and farmers.
The Embargo is lifted in 1809, except against Britain and France.

11. The War of 1812: Causes Meanwhile . . .
Tecumseh – Shawnee chief – tries to unite Native Americans in the Midwest
Wanted to protect their homeland against invading white settlers
1811 – they launch an unsuccessful attack against Gen. William Henry Harrison
It is discovered that the British had supplied them with the weapons used in the attack
War of 1812 Video

12. The War of 1812: Outcome
The War of 1812 divided the nation along geographic and party lines (see Issues Connector)
In the end, national economic interests outweighed sectional opposition:
To protect American trade President Madison asked Congress for a declaration of war; Congress approved the declaration in early June.
The U.S. defeated Britain and a peace agreement was signed on Christmas Eve, 1814.

13. The War of 1812: Outcome
The peace treaty did not address the issue of impressment, but it did reopen trade between the U.S. and Britain.
Later, the two nations were able to reach an agreement establishing the US-Canadian border.
Future U.S. President General Andrew Jackson was hailed as a national hero.

14. The War of 1812: Outcome
After the war, the U.S. entered an “Era of Good Feelings” – a brief period of time (1815 – 1824) when strong feelings of nationalism swept the country.
Star Spangled Banner became national anthem
Uncle Sam became national symbol
Sectional conflicts, however, did not disappear (see Missouri Compromise on pages 222 – 223).

15. Presidential Election 2000

16. Presidential Election 2004
Click here for more interactive election maps
Presidential Election 2004

17. State’s Rights vs Federal Authority
Pages