1. Reading Comprehension Skills Paraphrasing

2. Paraphrasing means putting information into your own words You can paraphrase: ◦ A single word ◦ A phrase or group of words ◦ A sentence or sentences ◦ An image ◦ A chart ◦ A table or graph You can paraphrase: ◦ A single word ◦ A phrase or group of words ◦ A sentence or sentences ◦ An image ◦ A chart ◦ A table or graph

3. Why paraphrase? When we paraphrase… ◦ we demonstrate our comprehension of a written text ◦ we demonstrate our comprehension of a spoken text ◦ we enhance our understanding of a text by putting it in our own words If you can explain something in your own words, then you have a good understanding of a topic When we paraphrase… ◦ we demonstrate our comprehension of a written text ◦ we demonstrate our comprehension of a spoken text ◦ we enhance our understanding of a text by putting it in our own words If you can explain something in your own words, then you have a good understanding of a topic

4. Characteristics of a Good Paraphrase A paraphrase must be correct. ✓ A paraphrase must include your own words A paraphrase must make sense. A paraphrase must be correct. ✓ A paraphrase must include your own words A paraphrase must make sense.

5. Example Paragraph from a Newspaper Article

6. Notice key words Let’s look at our article again, but we will highlight key words and phrases: The information at the bottom of the page is details Let’s look at our article again, but we will highlight key words and phrases: The information at the bottom of the page is details

7. How to paraphrase? Here are some ideas for creating your own words for the headline: “Vancouver company creates GPS-enabled goggles to deliver instant feedback for skiing and snowboarding” Synonyms A synonym is a word that has the same meaning or a very close meaning to the original word. Examples: A synonym for Vancouver company is a local company. A synonym for GPS-enabled goggles is goggles with GPS A synonym for instant is immediate. You do not have to change every word – certain key words cannot be changed Our paraphrase now reads: A local company creates goggles with GPS to deliver immediate feedback for skiing and snowboarding Here are some ideas for creating your own words for the headline: “Vancouver company creates GPS-enabled goggles to deliver instant feedback for skiing and snowboarding” Synonyms A synonym is a word that has the same meaning or a very close meaning to the original word. Examples: A synonym for Vancouver company is a local company. A synonym for GPS-enabled goggles is goggles with GPS A synonym for instant is immediate. You do not have to change every word – certain key words cannot be changed Our paraphrase now reads: A local company creates goggles with GPS to deliver immediate feedback for skiing and snowboarding

8. How else do I paraphrase? Grammar and Word Form Another idea is to change the grammar or word form: “Skiing and snowboarding has taken on a new high tech twist.” Could become: A new high tech innovation has been developed for skiers and snowboarders Note the active to the passive voice and the verb change: has taken on = has been developed Note the the synonym for twist = innovation Note the word form change for skiing = skiers Note the word form change for snowboarding = snowboarders Grammar and Word Form Another idea is to change the grammar or word form: “Skiing and snowboarding has taken on a new high tech twist.” Could become: A new high tech innovation has been developed for skiers and snowboarders Note the active to the passive voice and the verb change: has taken on = has been developed Note the the synonym for twist = innovation Note the word form change for skiing = skiers Note the word form change for snowboarding = snowboarders

9. Other Types of Documents: Graph Example

10. Highlighted Information

11. Paraphrased Information Employment statistics remained fairly constant in September with a slight drop Decrease in part time work was balanced with an increase in full time jobs Young people aged 15-24 were especially affected. Employment statistics remained fairly constant in September with a slight drop Decrease in part time work was balanced with an increase in full time jobs Young people aged 15-24 were especially affected.

12. Highlighted Information

13. Conclusion When we paraphrase, we put parts of a text into our own words Paraphrasing demonstrates understanding– if you can explain it in your own words, you have a good understanding of an idea or phrase To paraphrase, use such techniques as synonyms, changing grammar and word forms When we paraphrase, we put parts of a text into our own words Paraphrasing demonstrates understanding– if you can explain it in your own words, you have a good understanding of an idea or phrase To paraphrase, use such techniques as synonyms, changing grammar and word forms

14. Sources http://www.slideworld.com/slideshows.aspx/The-Fundamentals-of-Summarizing-and- Paraphrasing-ppt-968465 http://www.slideworld.com/slideshows.aspx/The-Fundamentals-of-Summarizing-and- Paraphrasing-ppt-968465 www.quia.com http://www.statcan.gc.ca/subjects-sujets/labour-travail/lfs-epa/lfs-epa-eng.htm http://communities.canada.com/vancouversun/blogs/techsense/archive/2010/10/01/gps-enabled- goggles-deliver-instant-feedback-on-your-skiing-and- snowboarding.aspx?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+ca nada%2FiWCa+%28Digital+Life%29 www.esu.edu/~bsockman/PPT/paraphrasing.ppt www.esu.edu/~bsockman/PPT/paraphrasing.ppt ►