1. Frederick Herzberg – Motivational Theory Karen Muska

2. Herzberg, a clinical psychologist and pioneer of “job enrichment,” developed his motivation theory during his investigation of 200 accountants and engineers in the USA.

3. Herzberg showed that satisfaction and dissatisfaction at work almost always arose from different factors

4. According to Helzberg, Man has two sets of needs: As an animal to avoid pain As a human being to grow psychologically

5. Two Factor Motivational Theory Hygiene factors are needed to ensure an employee does not become dissatisfied. They do not lead to higher levels of motivation, but without them there is dissatisfaction. People are influenced by two factors: Motivation factors are needed in order to motivate an employee into higher performance. These factors result from internal generators in employees.

6. Examples of “Hygiene” Needs or Maintenance Factors The organization, its policies & administration Kind of supervision (leadership & management, including perceptions) Relationship with supervisor Work conditions (including ergonomics) Salary Status Job security Interpersonal relations

7. Hygiene Needs People will strive to achieve “hygiene” needs because they are unhappy without them, but once satisfied, the effect soon wears off – satisfaction is temporary. (Chapman) Parallels with Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Motivational Model

8. True Motivators Achievement Recognition for achievement Work itself (interest in the task) Responsibility Growth and advancement Represents a far deeper level of meaning and fulfillment

9. Relationship to School Administration A school environment should meet the basic “hygiene” needs of students, teachers and staff to avoid unhappiness and dissension. School administrators can help fulfill these needs by: ◦Helping to provide teachers and students with the resources they need (supplies, technology, etc.), ◦Ensuring a safe, clean, inviting work and learning environment ◦Developing and nurturing relationships ◦Providing or advocating for appropriate monetary compensation

10. Motivators in Education and Business: Achievement Recognition for achievement Work itself (interest in the task) Responsibility Growth and advancement Represents a far deeper level of meaning and fulfillment Plus: Shared Vision Collaboration and Communication

11. References Chapman, Alan (n.d.). Frederick Herzberg motivational theory, motivators and hygiene factors. Businessballs.com Retrieved 7/21/10 from http://www.businessballs.com/herzberg.htm http://www.businessballs.com/herzberg.htm Frederick Herzberg (1968). "One More Time: How Do You Motivate Employees?". Harvard Business ReviewHarvard Business Review Value Based Management.net. Two Factor Theory – Herzberg, Frederick. Retrieved from: http://www.valuebasedmanagement.net/methods_he rzberg_two_factor_theory.html http://www.valuebasedmanagement.net/methods_he rzberg_two_factor_theory.html