1. Frequency dependent Measurement and theoretical Prediction of Characteristic Parameters of Vacuum Cable Micro-Striplines - Risetime of a typical ATLAS LAr pulse is approx. 20 ns, corresponding to a bandwidth of 17.5 MHz. - Explore the frequency dependent behaviour of the vacuum cable micro-striplines by performing measurements of the complex characteristic impedance as a function of frequency up to 100MHz. - Calculate characteristic parameters under the assumption that the high frequency TEM mode approximation can be used. LArg week, Nov.18 2002 Margret Fincke-Keeler Univ. of Victoria

2. LArg week Nov. 2002M. Fincke-Keeler Univ. of Victoria Measure: magnitude and phase of the stripline impedance for open circuit and short circuit termination:  complex impedances Z oc, Z sc Calculate the complex characteristic impedance: And the quantity: With: l = length of stripline,  = propagation coeff. =  i   = attenuation coeff.  = phase change coeff.

3. LArg week Nov. 2002M. Fincke-Keeler Univ. of Victoria 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 frequency [MHz] Z o [Ω] 50 40 30 20 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 frequency [MHz] atten. coeff α 0.14 0.10 0.06 0.02 Impedance and attenuation coefficient

4. LArg week Nov. 2002M. Fincke-Keeler Univ. of Victoria Calculate: Resistance Inductance Conductance Capacitance Phase velocity: Dielectric constant:

5. Primary transmission line parameters: R, L, G, C 10 20 30 40 frequency[MHz] 10 20 30 40 frequency[MHz] 10 20 30 40 frequency[MHz] 10 20 30 40 frequency[MHz]

6. LArg week Nov. 2002M. Fincke-Keeler Univ. of Victoria 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 frequency [MHz] p Phase velocity and relative dielectric constant

7. LArg week Nov. 2002M. Fincke-Keeler Univ. of Victoria Theoretical description 1V For a given strip line geometry, solve Laplace’s equation numerically to obtain the capacitance per unit length. Do the calculation twice: once with ε r =0 around the copper strips (vacuum) once with ε r for polyimide and adhesive materials. Obtain: capacitance of Cu strips in vacuum C v capacitance of Cu strips in dielectric C ε ==

8. LArg week Nov. 2002M. Fincke-Keeler Univ. of Victoria A200360343.24.051.4172.535.4 B200360343.44.051.4182.434.4 C200360343.24.451.4174.135.4 D200360303.24.051.0171.835.6 E190360343.24.049.7167.636.5 F180360343.24.048.3162.437.6 G180315343.24.047.2158.838.5 H220385343.24.055.0171.834.3 I200 (20μ) 360343.24.051.2172.135.5 signal width ground width strip thick- ness ε r Poly- imide ε r adhe- sive CυCυ CεCε ZoZo 

9. LArg week Nov. 2002M. Fincke-Keeler Univ. of Victoria Now we can calculate: We can determine R from the resistivity of copper and the cross sectional area of the copper strips. The skin effect has been taken into account in a simplified approximation. Now we can calculate: and it follows: where l oc, l sc are the electrical lengths of the stripline with open circuit and Short cuircuit termination respectively.

10. LArg week Nov. 2002M. Fincke-Keeler Univ. of Victoria 20 40 60 80 frequency[MHz] 20 40 60 80 frequency[MHz] 20 40 60 80 frequency[MHz] 20 40 60 80 frequency[MHz] Comparison between measurement and theoretical Prediction. Signal Width = 190μm Ground width = 360μm Thickness = 34μm ε r (polyimide)=3.2 ε r (adhesive)=4.0

11. LArg week Nov. 2002M. Fincke-Keeler Univ. of Victoria Conclusions - The complex characteristic impedance of the vacuum cable micro-striplines has been measured as a function of frequency. - A numerical solution of Laplace’s equation yields the values of the capacitances C υ and C ε of the copper strips in vacuum and in dielectric respectively, and allows the calculation of the characteristic line parameters for that geometry. - The results of the theoretical calculations are in good agreement with the measurement. The differences between the calculation and data are most likely due to the approximation and assumptions made for the calculations (e.g. high freq. TEM mode, skin effect).