1. Wolf Chinese Shar-Pei Ancestral canine Akita Siberian Husky
Fig. 9-0b
Wolf
Chinese Shar-Pei
Ancestral
canine
Akita
Siberian Husky
Alaskan Malamute
Basenji
Afghan hound
Saluki
Rottweiler
Sheepdog
Retriever

2. Figure 9.2C_s3
Figure 9.2C_s3 Mendel’s technique for cross-fertilization of pea plants (step 3)
Gregor Mendel performed artificial selection (breeding) experiments on pea plants 2

3. Character Traits Dominant Recessive Flower color Purple White
Figure 9.2D_1
Character
Traits
Dominant
Recessive
Flower color
Purple
White
Flower position
Axial
Terminal
Figure 9.2D_1 The seven pea characters studied by Mendel (part 1)
Seed color
Yellow
Green
Seed shape
Round
Wrinkled 3

4. Character Traits Dominant Recessive Pod shape Inflated Constricted
Figure 9.2D_2
Character
Traits
Dominant
Recessive
Pod shape
Inflated
Constricted
Pod color
Green
Yellow
Figure 9.2D_2 The seven pea characters studied by Mendel (part 2)
Stem length
Tall
Dwarf 4

5. Purple flowers White flowers
Figure 9.3A_s2
The Experiment
P generation (true-breeding parents) 
Purple flowers
White flowers
F1 generation
All plants have purple flowers
Figure 9.3A_s2 Crosses tracking one character (flower color) (step 2) 5

6. of plants have purple flowers of plants have white flowers
Figure 9.3A_s3
The Experiment
P generation (true-breeding parents) 
Purple flowers
White flowers
F1 generation
All plants have purple flowers
Fertilization among F1 plants (F1  F1)
Figure 9.3A_s3 Crosses tracking one character (flower color) (step 3)
F2 generation
of plants have purple flowers 3 4
of plants have white flowers 1 4 6

7. Genetic makeup (alleles)
Figure 9.3B_s3
The Explanation
P generation
Genetic makeup (alleles)
Purple flowers
White flowers PP pp
Gametes
All P
All p
F1 generation (hybrids)
All Pp
Alleles segregate
Gametes 2 1 P 2 1 p
Fertilization
F2 generation
Sperm from F1 plant
Figure 9.3B_s3 An explanation of the crosses in Figure 9.3A (step 3) P p
Phenotypic ratio 3 purple : 1 white P PP Pp
Eggs from F1 plant
Genotypic ratio 1 PP : 2 Pp : 1 pp p Pp pp 7

8. Dominant Traits Recessive Traits Freckles No freckles Widow’s peak
Figure 9.8A
Dominant Traits
Recessive Traits
Freckles
No freckles
Widow’s peak
Straight hairline
Figure 9.8A Examples of single-gene inherited traits in humans
Free earlobe
Attached earlobe 8

9. First generation (grandparents) Ff Ff ff Ff
Figure 9.8B
First generation (grandparents) Ff Ff ff Ff
Second generation (parents, aunts, and uncles)
FF or Ff ff ff Ff Ff ff
Third generation (two sisters) ff
FF or Ff
Figure 9.8B A pedigree showing the inheritance of attached versus free earlobes in a hypothetical family
Female
Male
Attached
Free 9

10. Normal Dd Normal Dd Parents  D Sperm d Dd Normal (carrier) DD Normal
Figure 9.9A
Normal Dd
Normal Dd
Parents  D
Sperm d
Dd Normal (carrier)
DD Normal D
Eggs
Offspring
Figure 9.9A Offspring produced by parents who are both carriers for a recessive disorder, a type of deafness
Dd Normal (carrier)
dd Deaf d 10

11. Table 9.9
Table 9.9 Some Autosomal Disorders in Humans 11

12. Incomplete dominance P generation  Red RR White rr Gametes R r
Figure 9.11A
P generation 
Red RR
White rr
Gametes R r
F1 generation
Pink hybrid Rr
Incomplete dominance 2 1 2 1
Gametes R r
F2 generation
Sperm
Figure 9.11A Incomplete dominance in snapdragon flower color 2 1 2 1 R r 2 1 R RR rR
Eggs 2 1 Rr rr r 12

13. Figure 9.12
Co-dominance
Blood Group (Phenotype)
Antibodies Present in Blood
Reaction When Blood from Groups Below Is Mixed with Antibodies from Groups at Left
Carbohydrates Present on Red Blood Cells
Genotypes O A B AB
IAIA or IAi
Carbohydrate A A
Anti-B
IBIB or IBi
Carbohydrate B B
Anti-A
Carbohydrate A and Carbohydrate B AB
IAIB
None
Anti-A O ii
Neither
Figure 9.12 Multiple alleles for the ABO blood groups
Anti-B
No reaction
Clumping reaction 13

14. Incomplete dominance Red RR White rr Pink Rr Pleiotropy Single gene
Fig. 9-UN2
Incomplete
dominance
Red RR
White rr
Pink Rr
Pleiotropy
Single
gene
Multiple characters
Polygenic
inheritance
Multiple
genes
Single characters
(such as skin color)