1. Managing Linux Clusters with Rocks Tim Carlson - PNNL tim@pnl.gov

2. Introduction Cluster Design The ins and outs of designing compute solutions for scientists Rocks Cluster Software What it is and some basic philosophies of Rocks Midrange computing with Rocks at PNNL How PNNL uses Rocks to manage 25 clusters ranging from 32 to 1500 compute cores

3. I Need a Cluster! Can you make use of existing resources? chinook 2310 Barcelona CPUs with DDR Infiniband Requires EMSL proposal superdome 256 core Itanium 2 SMP machine Short proposal required Department clusters HPCaNS manages 25 clusters. Does your department have one of them? Limited amount of PNNL “general purpose” compute cycles

4. I Really Need a Cluster! Why? Run bigger models? Maybe you need a large memory desk side machine. 72G in a desk side is doable (dual Nehalem with 18 x 4G DIMMS) Do you need/want to run parallel code? Again, maybe a desk side machine is appropriate. 8 cores in single machine

5. You Need a Cluster What software do you plan to run? WRF/MM5 (atmospheric/climate) May benefit from low latency network Quad core scaling? NWChem (molecular chemistry) Usually requires a low latency network Need an interconnec that is fully supported by ARMCI/GA Fast local scratch required. Fast global scratch a good idea Home Grown Any idea of the profile of your code? Can we have a test case to run on our test cluster?

6. Processor choices Intel Harpertown or Nehalem Do you need the Nehalem memory bandwidth? AMD Barcelona or Shanghai Shanghai is a better Barcelona Disclaimer This talk was due 4 weeks early. All of the above could have changed in that time

7. More Hardware Choices Memory per core Be careful configuring Nehalem Interconnect GigE, DDR, QDR Local disk I/O Do you even use this? Global file system At any reasonable scale you probably aren’t using NFS Lustre/PVFS2/Panasas

8. Rocks Software Stack Redhat based PNNL is mostly Redhat so the environment is familiar NFS Funded since 2000 Several HPC Wire awards Our choice since 2001 Originally based on Redhat 6.2, now based on RHEL 5.3

9. Rocks is a Cluster Framework Customizable Not locked into a vendor solution Modify default disk partitioning Use your own custom kernel Add software via RPMs or “Rolls” Need to make more changes? Update an XML file, rebuild the distribution, reinstall all the nodes Rocks is not “system imager” based All nodes are “installed” and not “imaged”

10. Rocks Philosophies Quick to install It should not take a month (or even more than a day) to install a thousand node cluster Nodes are 100% configured No “after the fact” tweaking If a node is out of configuration, just reinstall Don’t spend time on configuration management of nodes Just reinstall

11. What is a Roll A Roll is a collection of software packages and configuration information “Rolls” provide more specific tools Commercial compiler Rolls (Intel, Absoft, Portland Group) Your choice of scheduler (Sun Grid Engine, Torque) Science specific (Bio Roll) Many others (Java, Xen, PVFS2, TotalView, etc) Users can build their own Rolls – https://wiki.rocksclusters.org/wiki/index.php/Main_Page

12. Scalable Not “system imager” based Non-homogeneous makes “system imager” types installation problematic Nodes install from kickstart files generated from a database Several clusters registered with over 500 nodes Avalanche installer removes pressure from any single installation server Introduced in Rocks 4.1 Torrent based Nodes share packages during installation

13. Community and Commercial Support Active mailing list averaging over 700 posts per month Annual “Rocks-A-Palooza” meeting for community members Talks, tutorials, working groups Rocks cluster register has over 1100 clusters registered representing more than 720 Teraflops of computational power ClusterCorp sells Rocks+ support based on open source Rocks

14. PNNL Midrange Clusters Started in 2001 8 node VALinux cluster Dual PIII 500Mhz with 10/100 ethernet Chose “Rocks” as the software stack Built our first “big” cluster that same year 64 Dual Pentium III at 1 Ghz Rebuild all the nodes with Rocks in under 30 minutes Parts of this system are still in production Currently manage 25 clusters Range in size from 16 to1536 cores Infiniband is the primary interconnect Attached storage ranges from 1 to 100 Terabytes 14

15. HPCaNS Management Philosophy Create service center to handle money Charge customers between $300 and $800/month based on size and complexity Covers account management, patching, minimal backups (100G), compiler licenses, BigBrother monitoring, general sysadmin Use.75 FTE to manage all the clusters “Non-standard” needs are charged by time and materials Adding new nodes Rebuilding to a new OS Software porting or debugging Complex queue configurations

16. Support Methods BigBrother alerts Hooks into ganglia checking for Node outages Disk usage Email problems to cluster sysadmins See next slide after a bad power outage! Support queue Users pointed to central support queue 5 UNIX admins watching the queue for cluster items Try to teach users to use the support queue

18. Typical Daily Questions Can you add application X, Y, Z? My job doesn’t seem to be running in the queue? The compiler gives me this strange error! Do you have space/power/cooling for this new cluster I want to buy? This code runs on cluster X, but doesn’t run on cluster Y. Why is that? Aren’t they the same? Can I add another 10T of disk storage? The cluster is broken!

19. Always Room for Improvement Clusters live in 4 different computer rooms Can we consolidate? Never enough user documentation Standardize on resource managers Currently have various versions of Torque and SLURM Should we be upgrading older OSes ? Still have RHEL 3 based clusters Do we need to be doing “shared/grid/cloud” computing? Why in the world do you have 25 clusters?

20. Questions, comments, discussion!