1. Flow Measurement by
Ashfaq Md. Ansery

2. Flow Measurement
It refers to the ability-
to measure the velocity, volume flow rate or mass flow rate of any liquid or gas

3. Flow Meter in Real Life

4. Why it is important? Custody transfer & Accounting
Performance evaluation
Process control
Research & Development

5. Flow Meter Selection Factors
Range
Accuracy Required
Pressure Loss
Type of Indication
Type of Fluid
Calibration
Other Factors
Physical size of the meter
System pressure
cost
Operator's skill

6. Flow Calibration System

7. Flow Meter Classification
Full-bore meter
Operate on all the fluids in the pipe/channel
Insertion meter
Do not operate on all fluids
Measure mainly local velocity
Use sensing element
Small compare to size of the channel

8. Full-Bore Meter Venturimeter Orifice meter Flow nozzle and Tubes
V-element meters
Elbow meters
Target meters
-Variable Head Meter

9. Full-Bore Meter (cont…)
Rotameter
-Variable Area Meter
Vortex shedding Meter
Positive displacement Meter
Turbine meter (velocity)
Magnetic and Ultrasonic Meter (velocity)
Coriolis Meter (mass)
Salt Velocity Method (velocity)

10. Insertion Meter Pitot tube Current meter and rotating anemometer
Hot wire anemometer
Float measurement
Photographic and optical method
Thermal meters (mass)

11. Few Definitions
Orifices
Nozzles
Tubes

12. Jet Stream issuing from an orifice, nozzle or tube Free jet
Stream of liquid surrounded by a gas and therefore under the influence of gravity
Submerged jet
Stream of any fluid surrounded by a fluid of the same type

13. Coefficient of Contraction, Cc
Jet Contraction
Coefficient of Contraction, Cc
Cc = A/Ao
A= area of a jet
Ao= area of orifice or other opening

14. Jet Contraction (cont….)
Coefficient of Velocity, Cv
Cv = V/Vi
Vi = ideal velocity
V = actual average velocity

15. Jet Contraction (cont….)
Coefficient of Discharge, Cd
Cd = Q/Qi
Qi = ideal rate of discharge
Q = actual rate of discharge

16. Chapter 15, Flow Measurement, Page 437-439
Reference
Chapter 15, Flow Measurement, Page
Applied Fluid Mechanics (5th Edition)
Robert L. Mott

17. Reference (cont…)
Chapter 8, Transportation and Metering of Fluids, Page: 214
Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering
(Fifth Edition)
Warren L. McCabe
Julian C. Smith
Peter Harriot

18. Reference (cont…) Robert L. Daugherty
Chapter 12, Fluid Measurements
FLUID MECHANICS with Engineering Applications
(SI Metric Addition)
Robert L. Daugherty
Joseph B. Franzini
E. John Finnemore