1. Cell Organelles

2. Cell Theory Basic Unit of Life
All organisms are made up of one or more cells and the products of those cells.
All cells carry out life activities (require energy, grow, have a limited size)
New cells arise only from other living cells by the process of cell division

3. 3 Main Components (All Cells)
Plasma Membrane/Cell Membrane
Structure- a bi-lipid membraneouos layer composed of proteins and carbohydrates (Fluid like)
Function- the cell membrane separates the cell from its external environment, and is selectively permeable.
It protects the cell and provides stability
Proteins are found embedded within the plasma membrane, with some extending all the way through in order to transport materials
Carbohydrates are attached to proteins and lipids on the outer lipid layer

4. Main Parts con’t Cytoplasm
Structure – The jelly-like substance composed of mainly water and found between the cell membrane and nucleus. The cytoplasm makes up most of the “body” of a cell and is constantly streaming
Function – Organelles are found here and substances like salts may be dissolved in the cytoplasm.

5. Main Parts con’t Nucleus
Structure – The largest organelle in the cell.
Round and surrounded by a double membrane. Has selectively permeable pores.
Contains genetic information (DNA) on special strands called chromosomes
Function – The control center of the cell, for cell metabolism and reproduction

6. Individual Organelles
Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.)
Network of canals filled with fluid
“Transport system”, carry materials throughout cell
Some are Lined with Ribosomes others are not.
Ribosomes
Small particles found individually in the cytoplasm and E.R.
Produce proteins, “Factories” in the cell

7. Con’t Golgi Body/Apparatus Lysosomes
Stacks of flattened membraneous materials “Pancakes”
Temporarily stores proteins until they leave cell
Lysosomes
Small sac-like structures surrounded by single membrane
Strong dygestive enzymes are released to break down worn out organelles or food.
“Suicide Sac”

8. Con’t Mitochondria Vacuoles
Round “tube-like” organelles with double membrane (Inner highly folded)
“Powerhouse” of the cell releases food energy from food molecules in cell.
Called Respiration
Muscle cells require more energy require more mitochondria
Vacuoles
Fluid filled enclosed by membrane
“Storage facility” of food, water, sugar, minerals, and waste

9. Features of Plant Cells
Cell Wall – Rigid organelle outside the membrane composed of cellulose. Contains pores to allow materials to pass to and from the cell membrane
Central Vacuole – Large fluid filled vacuole
Plastids – Double membrane organelles. Makes and store food. Found in cytoplasm (2 types)
Leucoplasts – colorless store startch and other nutrients (potato startch)
Chlorplast – Different colored pigment. Green pigment chlorophyll important in photosynthesis