1. Structures & Functions
The Cell
Structures & Functions
AG BIO - McKee

2. What is “Cell Theory”?
The idea that all living things are made up of cells.

3. What’s so special about cells?
Cells are the smallest working units of all living things.
Yeast Cells

4. Where do cells come from?
All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.
Bean Cells in Mitosis

5. Definition of the Cell
A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

6. Would you like to see some examples?
Even if you don’t, too bad.

7. Remember… These are magnified images taken with microscopes
Some cells have been stained with color so you can see them better.

8. Nerve Cell

9. Bacteria Cell

10. Tree cells from the stomach of a possum.

11. Brain Cell

12. Cornstalk Cells

13. Mammalian Tissue
Smooth muscle are structurally the simplest muscle cells
Provide contractile forces for most internal organs
Controls flow of blood through vessels and moves food through digestive tract.

14. Two Types of Cells
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic

15. Cells Dividing: Bacteria from a Taxi Cab
Prokaryotic
One-celled organisms
Example: Bacteria
Few internal structures surrounded by membranes
Cells Dividing: Bacteria from a Taxi Cab

16. Eukaryotic Contain organelles surrounded by membranes
Most living organisms
Plant
Humans & Animals

17. “Typical” Animal Cell

18. “Typical” Plant Cell

19. Cell Parts and Functions
Cell Wall
Plant, not animal cells
Outer layer, rigid, strong, stiff
Made of cellulose

20. Cell Parts and Functions
Cell Membrane
Plant & animal cells
Protects the cell
Lets things in and out of the cell
Location: around the cell

21. Cell Parts and Functions
Nucleus
Plant & animal cells
Large & oval
Control center
Location:
Inside the cell,
Near the center

22. Cell Parts and Functions
Nucleolus (Nucleoli)
Plant & animal cells
Makes ribosomes
Location: inside the nucleus
(dark spot)
Nuclear Membrane
Protects around nucleus
Lets things in/out of nucleus (pores)
Selectively permeable
cell

23. Cell Parts and Functions
Cytoplasm
Plant & Animal
Clear, thick, jellylike
Holds all organelles in cell
Location: in cell

24. Cell Parts and Functions
Chromatin/Chromosomes
In Plant & Animal Cells
Contains genetic information/traits
Location: In nucleus

25. Cell Parts and Functions
Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.)
Plant & animal cells
Network of tubes and membranes
Transports materials and sends messages to all parts of the cell
Two types: smooth and rough (has ribosomes)
Location: attaches from cell membrane to nuclear membrane

26. Rough E.R.

27. Cell Parts and Functions
Ribosome
Plant & Animal Cells
Makes proteins
Small circular shape
Location:
In Cytoplasm or
Attached to E.R.

28. Mitochondria
Plant & animal
Bean shaped with inner membranes
Makes energy/powerhouse
Breaks down sugar into energy
Location: In Cytoplasm

29. Mitochondria

30. Cell Structure & Function
Vacuole
Plant = few/large
Animal = small
Fluid filled sacs
Stores food, water & waste
Location: In cytoplasm

31. Vacuole

32. What does a vacuole remind you of?

33. Golgi Bodies or Golgi Apparatus
Located in Plant & Animal Cells
Packages and secretes
Gets rid of waste
Location: in cytoplasm

34. What does a Golgi Body remind you of?

35. GOLGI APPARATUS

36. Cell Parts and Functions
Lysosome
Plant & Animal Cells
Contains digestive enzymes
Destroys bacteria, old cell parts…
Location: in cytoplasm
Centrioles
Helps the cell to divide

37. Cell Parts and Functions
Cilia
Most Plant, Animal & Bacteria Cells
Short hair-like projections
Used for movement
Location: outside of cell
Flagella
Long whip-like tail

38. What’s that?

39. ?

40. Cell Structures and Functions
Chloroplast
Only in plant cells
Contains chlorophyll
Makes plants green
Traps light energy from the sun
Light Energy = Chemical Energy
(Where photosynthesis occurs)
Chemical Energy = Food for the Plant

41. Cell Structures and Functions
Plastids
Found in Plant Cells
Stores extra food
Located in cytoplasm

42. Can you name these plant cell parts?B. C.

43. Cell Parts and Functions
Cytoskeleton
Also called Microfilament
Plant & Animal Cells
Made of thin hallow tubes
Like a spider web
Supports & transports
“Super Highway”
Microfilament (cytoskeleton) of mouse embryo fibroblasts, stained with FITC-phalloidin (100-fold magnification.)

44. Can you name these animal cell parts?
Cell Membrane
Rough E.R.
Ribosome's
Cytoskeleton or Microfilaments
Mitochondria #1 #2 #5 #3 #4