2. Emotion

3. What Is an Emotion? Organized psychological and physiological reactions These reactions are: –Bodily Reaction –Affective (subjective experience) –Cognition

4. Triggers external events thoughts behavior (facial feedback)

5. Characteristics Duration –Short called emotion –Long called mood Valence –Positive –Negative

6. Theories of Emotion Is emotion in the heart, in the head, or both?

7. James-LangeTheory Saul Kassin, Psychology. Copyright © 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Reprinted by permission. Also called the James-Lange theory of emotion

8. Change Associated with Different Emotions From "Voluntary Facial Action Generates Emotion-Specific Autonomic Nervous System Activity," by R.W. Levenson, P. Ekman, and W.V. Friesen, Psychophysiology, 1990, 24, 363-384, © 1990. Reprinted with permission from Cambridge University Press.

10. Lie Detection James’s theory forms basis. Polygraphs monitor physiological activity. Different approaches: –Control question test. –Directed lie test. –Guilty knowledge test.

11. Accuracy of Polygraphs Estimate vary widely. –A guilty person can “fool” a polygraph. –Some innocent people can be mislabeled as guilty (false positive).

12. Cannon-Bard Theory Saul Kassin, Psychology. Copyright © 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Reprinted by permission.

14. Updating Cannon’s Theory Thalamus is not the “seat” of emotion. Specific brain areas produce the feelings of pleasure or discomfort associated with emotion

15. Schachter-Singer Theory Cognitive Interpretation/Appraisal Unambiguous –Excitation transfer Ambiguous –Misattribution »Schachter & Singer (Anger vs. Joy) »Dutton & Eron (Love vs. Fear)

16. Stimulus Arousal Emotion StimulusAppraisal Arousal Emotion StimulusArousalAppraisalEmotion 3. Schachter-Singer theory 4. Lazarus’ Cognitive Appraisal theories 1. James-Lange theory Stimulus Arousal Emotion 2. Cannon-Bard theory

17. Main Criticism of Appraisal Theories Emotion without “cognition” –fear conditioning without explicit knowledge –emotion without awareness

18. Communicating Emotion

19. How Do We Communicate Emotions to One Another? Through words. –Women talk about their emotions and the complexity of their feelings. Through body movement and posture. –Especially through facial movements and expressions.

20. Innate Expressions of Emotion Darwin’s universal facial expressions. –hard-wiredhard-wired Supporting evidence –newborns –cross-culturalcross-cultural –blind personsblind persons Next

21. Facial DisplaysANGERFEARDISGUST SURPRISEJOYSADNESS Back

22. Winning Gold or Silver! Back PridePride + Shame

23. Ceremonial Facial Masks And Threat

26. Back

27. Cultural Influences Cultural variations in recognizing some emotions. Smiles vary as people learn to use them to communicate certain feelings through operant conditioning. Expression of emotion affected by cultural rules, called emotion culture –“stiff upper lip”

28. Social Influences and Emotion Social Referencing –Adult (Offensive or Not?)Adult (Offensive or Not?) –Infant (OK Mom?)

29. “Are these OK, Mom?”

30. Physiology Body –ArousalArousal –Facial Involuntary/voluntary facial displays Some Brain Areas –Amygdala (fear) –Hypothalamus (attacking rage, defensive rage) –Lateralization Right brain dominant Right amygdala (negative emotions) –Cerebral cortex Regulates Emotion (frontal inhibits aggression) Serotonin = Inhibitory Effect On Anger

31. The Autonomic Nervous System Back

32. Smiles: Faked and Authentic Back