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BETWEEN GERMANY AND BULGARIA: EVIDENCE FROM A BUS SURVEY Vesselin Mintchev /Economic Research Institute at BAS – Sofia/ Venelin Boshnakov /University of.

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Presentation on theme: "BETWEEN GERMANY AND BULGARIA: EVIDENCE FROM A BUS SURVEY Vesselin Mintchev /Economic Research Institute at BAS – Sofia/ Venelin Boshnakov /University of."— Presentation transcript:

1 BETWEEN GERMANY AND BULGARIA: EVIDENCE FROM A BUS SURVEY Vesselin Mintchev /Economic Research Institute at BAS – Sofia/ Venelin Boshnakov /University of National and World Economy – Sofia/ CONFERENCE ON INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION 14th February 2014, ERI at BAS – Sofia, Bulgaria

2  Project: Bulgarian Diaspora in Western Europe: Transborder Mobility, National Identity, and Development“  Project supported by: Grant No ДИД 02/21-IDEAS of the Bulgarian Science Fund  Survey conducted in the period: April – May 2013  Professional interviewer teams of ASA – located in Sofia and district center cities – starting points of bus lines BG–>GE  Face-to-Face interviews on the territory of Inter- national Bus Stations – half an hour before the departure time Field Work

3

4 Sample split How much time do you live in Germany? FrequencyPercent Up to 1 year75.9 Over 1 to 5 years7663.9 Over 5 to 10 years2218.5 Over 10 years1411.8 Total119100.0 FrequencyPercent Where did you live most of the time during the last 12 months? Bulgaria66682.5 Germany14017.3 Other country10.1 Total807100.0

5 Demographics Where do you live in Germany? Berlin6.5 Large city, >500 th. (Hamburg, Munich, etc.) 71.7 Other city/town19.6 Small settlement / Farm2.2 Total100.0 Ethnical groupPercent Bulgarian 87.7 Turkish 11.6 Roma – Other 0.7 Total 100.0

6 Demographics Age group YesNoTotal Up to 3019.480.6100.0 31 – 39 79.2 20.8100.0 40+ 44.4 55.6100.0 Age group MaleFemale Total Up to 2515.013.814.4 26 – 3539.938.539.2 36 – 4531.526.629.1 Over 4513.621.117.2 Total100.0

7 Main reasons to settle in Germany Responses Percent of Cases NPercent To have a higher living standard 5120.237.5 To get a higher pay 9437.369.1 Better professional realization 249.517.6 To provide support to my family/relatives 3815.127.9 To provide the desired education to me/my children 135.29.6 Marriage/Partnership 124.88.8 Family unification (to join family, relatives) 10.40.7 To accompany my spouse abroad 93.66.6 To obtain foreign citizenship 20.81.5 I just wanted to live in Germany 83.25.9 Total: 252100.0

8 Occupation in Germany / in BG before moving to GE GermanyBulgaria Agriculture 1.40.7 Construction 22.920.7 Personal assistant 9.3 – Driver 3.62.9 Low-qualified personnel 0.72.1 Housekeeping 3.60.7 Medium-qualified technical personnel 10.010.7 Medium-qualified personnel in trade/tourism 12.914.3 Medium-qualified personnel in other sectors 5.77.1 High-qualified personnel 10.020.7 Without particular job – 1.4 Total 80.081.4 Not responded 20.018.6

9 Qualification (mis)match Job qualification in Bulgaria Job qualification in Germany LowMediumHighTotal Low 70.020.010.0100.0 Medium 8.290.21.6100.0 High 7.153.639.3100.0 Total: 14.172.713.1100.0

10 Type of labour contracting If working– What kind of contract do you have in Germany? Percent Permanent labour contract35.0 Term labour contract37.1 No contract (informal)5.7 Self-employed /family unit/5.7 Other1.4 Total responded85.0 Not responded15.0

11 Earnings in Germany Approximate monthly income % Up to 1000 EUR25.5 Over 1000 to 1500 EUR43.6 Over 1500 to 2000 EUR23.6 Over 2000 EUR7.3 100.0 Usually, what share of your earnings do you send to your family/relatives in BG? % I do not send money12.9 Not more than 1/420.0 About 1/327.1 About 1/227.1 About 2/33.6 About 3/40.7 Almost everything0.7 Total responded92.1 Not responded17.9

12 Attitudes of local people to Bulgarians in Germany How do you evaluate the attitude of the local people in Germany to Bulgarians? FrequencyPercent Very good3726.4 Relatively good /positive8258.6 Bad /negative96.4 Cannot judge96.4 Total responded13797.9 Not responded32.1

13 2. Bulgarian residents leaving to Germany AgeMaleFemaleTotal Up to 25 16.813.815.4 26 – 35 41.338.840.1 36 – 45 29.225.827.6 Over 45 12.721.517.0 100.0 To which ethnical group do you put yourself? FrequencyPercent Bulgarian 59188.7 Turkish 274.1 Roma 436.5 Other 20.3 Total resp. 66399.5 Not resp. 30.5 SettlementPercent Sofia30.5 District center city39.1 Other city / Town25.0 Village 5.4 Total 100.0

14 Educational level What is your higher level of education (for which you have diploma/certificate)? Frequency Valid Percent No formal degree71.1 Primary162.4 Basic406.0 Secondary general17526.4 Secondary professional29744.7 Higher (Bachelor)7711.6 Higher (Master)497.4 Higher (PhD)30.5 Total664100.0

15 Main reason to leave to Germany N % Holiday, excursion travel436.5 I intend to work in Germany30946.4 Personal matter: visiting relatives, family, health care15623.4 Business matter: business trip, deals, etc.355.3 Search for temporary job in Germany10916.4 Education in Germany50.8 I leave BG in order to settle in GE40.6 I travel to a different country20.3 Other30.5 Total666100.0

16 Migration intentions How likely is for you in the near future: Not likely Little likely Some- what likely Very likely Total To work for a few months in Germany 23.36.514.355.9100.0 To study for a few months in Germany 84.79.13.52.7100.0 To work for 1+ years in Germany 39.120.421.519.0100.0 To study for 1+ tears in Germany 85.09.33.72.0100.0 To settle permanently in Germany 62.423.59.15.0100.0

17 Reasons to choose Germany Responses Percent of Cases NPercent To have a higher living standard 11416.120.9 To get a higher pay 34248.462.6 Better professional realization 527.49.5 To provide support to my family/relatives 425.97.7 To provide the desired education to me/my children 101.41.8 Marriage/Partnership 10.10.2 Family unification (to join family, relatives) 7110.113.0 To accompany my spouse abroad 91.31.6 To obtain foreign citizenship ––– Cannot find a job in Bulgaria 517.29.3 I JUST DO NOT WANT TO LIVE IN BULGARIA ANY MORE 142.02.6 (Valid cases: 543) 706100.0

18 Intended occupation in Germany / Occupation in Bulgaria before leaving GermanyBulgaria Agriculture 25.12.8 Construction 21.919.5 Personal assistant 11.50.9 Driver 2.27.3 Low-qualified personnel 0.73.1 Housekeeping 4.20.9 Medium-qualified technical personnel 6.616.5 Medium-qualified personnel in trade/tourism 10.321.2 Medium-qualified personnel in other sectors 1.53.8 High-qualified personnel 3.417.9 Cannot judge (whatever job) / No particular job 9.85.9 Not answered 2.70.2 Total 100.0

19 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

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