1. Presented by Art Jordan
Washington State’s Search and Rescue Volunteers Helping Others – Saving Lives
Part Two
Presented by Art Jordan
President of the Search & Rescue Volunteer Advisory Council
of Washington State and Senior Coordinator for Cowlitz County SAR
Prepared with assistance from Rick Hood of Navigation Northwest
Selected materials from ERI-International slide library. All team photos, logo, and information by/from acknowledged unit links at unless otherwise noted.

2. Man Tracker Examples
One dedicated
mantracking team

3. Dive/Swiftwater Rescue Examples
Seven Dive Rescue Units
Lewis Co. Dive Rescue
San Juan Co. Dive Rescue

4. Mountain Rescue Examples
Nine Dedicated Units
Skagit Mountain Rescue
Central Washington MRA

5. Explorer Search and Rescue
Six ESAR Teams
Skagit ESAR
King Co. ESAR
Pierce Co ESAR

6. Twenty-three Joint SAR Teams
Joint SAR Examples
Twenty-three Joint SAR Teams
Lewis County Teams

7. Some Additional Team/Examples
Three Dedicated Mounted Units
Dedicated Air Search Units
Northwest Horseback Search and Rescue
Twelve Dedicated Communication Units

8. To Obtain SAR Resources
Following protocols serve all well
In county
Responsible Law Enforcement Dept / DEM
Out-of-County
County DEM / State EMD Do
Avoid contacting individual out-of-county teams for missions directly, but...
Consider contacting other teams and agencies for familiarizing and training opportunities.

9. King County ESAR Example
53 Missions Logged in 2000 Including...
July 13: John Wayne (Iron Horse) Trail   
“While hiking a railroad grade off of the John Wayne / Iron Horse Trail, a hiker fell on his hip and could not make it out. ESAR responded with the Snoqualmie Fire Department (volunteer), and helped the subject to the road.” (

10. CCSAR 2/01 Evidence Search Mission Example
© CCSAR photos

11. Key Issues for SAR T.E.A.M.S.
Training
Equipment
Access to Facilities
Membership
Support from Others

12. Equipment Volunteer normally have to pay for their own equipment.
Teams generally have to pay for their team equipment.
Some support from the Sheriff’s Office, DEM is available and is greatly appreciated.
Many teams seek grants and conduct fundraisers.

13. Training Essential to perform as we and the public expects. Costly.
Non-paid, but professional in all cases at all times
Costly.
Dollars and hours
Larger counties and teams open training to other SAR groups at little or no cost, when possible.
Quality training often requires outside or paid instructors.
Regardless, the cost of not training or maintaining level of performance is unacceptable.

14. Training Specifics WAC 118-04 Requirements Team Standards
County Standards
SARVAC Guidelines
National Guidelines

15. Washington State SAR Conference Training Examples
Lewis County 2000 Conference

16. General Search Procedures
Information and Resource Management (ICS)
Investigation*
ID Initial Planning Point
Confinement / containment
Passive searching
Active searching
General and specialized hasty teams
Area or route searching
* ongoing throughout search
Some of the “Science of Search”

17. Interagency Coordination Is Critical
The level of care expected by the public...is higher than ever before.
The trend in search management is towards interagency mutual aid agreements, central resource coordination points, and greater utilization of highly trained, specialized resources.
Some of the “Science of Search”

18. Categories of Lost Subjects as per William G. Syrotuck, 1977
Children – different age groups
1 to 3 / 3 to 6 / 6 to 12
Elderly
Despondent
Hunter
Fisherman
Hiker / backpacker
Climber
Photographer
Berry picker
How many more?
Some of the “Science of Search”

19. A Search Approach (An Overview of Probability of Success)
Probability of Area
Probability of Detection x =
15%
50%
POS = x
25%
90%
Some of the “Science of Search”

20. Four Methods of Establishing the Search Area4 1 2 3 •
Theoretical
Statistical
Subjective
Deductive Reasoning
Some of the “Science of Search”

21. To Search One Square Mile*
POD
Spacing
Searchers X
Hours =
Total
Searcher
Hours
50%
100 foot 53
3.5 =
185.5
70%
60 foot 88
308
90%
20 foot
264
924
Some of the “Science of Search”

22. Some of the “Science of Search”
Searcher Fatigue
Searchers are most effective during the first four hours.
Thus many trained searchers are often needed to effect a timely response.
Some of the “Science of Search”

23. A New Search Tool – Critical Separation
100%
% Chance
Distance where can just see intended
object in similar conditions
Distance
Critical Spacing = 1 = POD of 50% +
Some of the “Science of Search”

24. Thanks For Listening
© CCSAR photos

25. Final Thoughts We want to work with you and your agency
Link, learn, & leverage
For more information, please visit/contact:
& associated links
Together we can achieve even more