1. Review

2. Age Specific Fertility Rate Age Specific Fertility Rate (ASFR) = (Number of births to women in age group i / Number of women in age group i) x 1000 Total Fertility Rate (TFR) = (The sum of the Age Specific Fertility Rates x The number of years in each age group) / 1000

3. Calculating Population Change Birth (b), Death (d), Immigration (i) and Emigration (e) are calculated per 1000 people Growth rate Birth rate Death rate Immigration rate Emigration rate r = (b – d) + (i – e)

4. Demographic Stages

5. Rule of 70 The rule of 70 states that in order to estimate the number of years for a variable to double, take the number 70 and divide it by the growth rate of the variable. if the growth rate of the China is 10%, the rule of 70 predicts it would take 7 years (70/10) for China's real GDP to double.

6. Population Growth Rate vs. Change Take the difference of population in year two and the population in year one and divide by the population in year two. Then multiply is number by 100%. (new-old)/new Percent change (New-old)/old

7. Three differences between Population Growth and Population Change: (a) Population growth is the difference between birth rate and death rate plus migration per year. (b) It is expressed in percentage. (c) Growth rate was 2.14% per year as per census 1991. It has declined to 1.93% per year in 2001. Population Change (a) Population change is the number of people added to the total population in a year. (.b) It is expressed in the addition of number of people. (c) Population was 84.64 crore in 1991. It increased to 102.87 crore in 2001, an addition of 18.2 crore in a decade.

8. Leaching vs. Percilation In general, leaching is the extraction of certain materials from a carrier into a liquid (usually, but not always a solvent). Percolation (from Lat. percōlāre, to filter or trickle through) refers to the movement and filtering of fluids through porous materials.filtering

9. Eminent Domain Regulatory Taking Government regulation of property so extensive that government is deemed to have taken the property by the power of eminent domain, for which it must compensate the property owners. NEPA

10. Land Fragmentation/ Wildlife Corridors

11. Urban Sprawl Urban sprawl or suburban sprawl describes the expansion of human populations away from central urban areas into previously remote and rural areas, particularly resulting in low-density communities reliant upon heavy automobile usage. Urban sprawl is a multifaceted concept of community planning especially relevant todeveloped nations, involving topics that range from the outward spreading of a city and itssuburbs, to low-density and auto-dependent development on rural, examination of impact of high segregation between residential and commercial uses, and analysis of various design features to determine which may encourage car dependency.automobilecommunity planningdeveloped nationscitysuburbsauto-dependent developmentcar dependency

12. Suburban Sprawl Patchwork of vacant and developed tracts around the edges of cities o Problems Loss of wetlands Loss of wetlands Air pollution Air pollution Water pollution Water pollution Loss of biological habitat Loss of biological habitat o 11 states now have new growth management laws (Smart Growth) new growth management laws (Smart Growth)

13. Long Division/ Decimals Lets try again!