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SECTION 12.2 AND 12.3 DNA DNA IS DYNAMITE! Chapter 12 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
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I. The Structure of DNA 1. DNA = Deoxyribonucleic Acid 2. Contains all information to make genetic code
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I. The Structure of DNA 3. DNA is composed of nucleotides 4. Nucleotides are composed of 3 structures: a) Deoxyribose: b) Phosphate grp: c) Nitrogen base:
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DNA Components
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I. The Structure of DNA 5. 4 types of Nitrogen bases: a) Adenine: A b) Guanine: G c) Cytosine: C d) Thymine: T
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I. The Structure of DNA 6. Adenine & Guanine = _______________ 7. Cytosine & Thymine = _______________
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II) The Double Helix 1. DNA is in shape of __________ 2. Double Helix: 2 nucleotide chains __________________ 3. Nucleotides are connected using covalent bonds a) Nitrogen bases are connected by hydrogen bonds
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II) The Double Helix 4. ___ purine will always be connected to _____ pyrimidine
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III) Complementary Base Pairing 1. Comp. Base Pairs: Nitrogen bases that pair together to connect the nucleotides of DNA a) Adenine : ____________ b) Guanine : 2. Base Pairing rules:
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DNA
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Replication of DNA
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IV. Replication of DNAReplication of DNA 1. Process of copying DNA to create more DNA
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IV. Replication of DNAReplication of DNA 2. Replication Steps a) DNA unwinds and unzips –enzyme Helicase breaks the _______ bonds b) Each chain will act as _________ (pattern) to copy new nucleotide c) DNA unzips: nucleotide pieces bond to each exposed half of DNA molecule d) Enzyme Polymerase bonds to monomers to create 2 identical strands
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IV. Replication of DNA *Nucleotide monomers come from digested food *Point where helicase is separating DNA-Replication Fork
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IV. Replication of DNA 3. DNA replication will occur in several different place and the same time
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V. Accuracy and Repair 1. Mutation: miss match of complementary base pairs 2. Mutations can be corrected by _____________________________
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