1. Hybridization of Nucleic Acids RNA DNA1DNA2 Probe Southern hybridization Northern hybridization Juang RH (2004) BCbasics

2. Preparation of Traditional Nucleic Acid Probe Amino acid sequence GLY-ASP-GLU-SER-SER-VAL-LEU----- GGG-GAC-GAG-TCC-TCC-GTT-CTC--- Nucleic acid sequence * Codon degeneracy * * * * * * * Synthesizing oligonucleotide PROBE: GGGGACGAGTCCTCCGTTCT The nucleic acid sequence is Deduced from amino acid sequence Chemical synthesis Juang RH (2004) BCbasics

3. Target gene DNA denaturation Single colony Lysed Hybridization Probe is labeled with radioactive 32 P Juang RH (2004) BCbasics

4. Colony Is Screened by Hybridization with Probe Cover with filter paper Autoradiography Add probe Transferring … Collect filter paper Dissolve cell DNA denatured Juang RH (2004) BCbasics Colony hybridization

5. Sample DNA Each spot contains known DNA Biochip Schena (2000) Microarray Biochip Technology, p. A31 Complementary DNA hybridize Signal appears Biochip Based on Hybridization Juang RH (2004) BCbasics